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Crusader
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Crusader
Albania
Kingdom, 1925 - 1939
Zog I, 1925 - 1939
Republic, since 1946
Alderney
Andorra
Armenia
Kings
Ottoman Sultans
Mehmed III, 1595 - 1603
Ahmed III, 1703 - 1730
Republic
Austria
Dukes of Austria
Albert II, 1330 - 1358
Rudolf IV, 1358 - 1365
Leopold III, 135 - 1386
Holy Roman Empire
Albert V (Albert II of Habsburg) 1437 - 1439
Friedrich III, 1439 - 1493
Archduke Sigismund, 1439 - 1496
Maximilian I, 1493 - 1519
Interregnum, 1519 - 1521
Archduke Karl V, 1519 - 1521, 1523 - 1556
Ferdinand I, 1521 - 1564
Maximilian II, 1564 - 1576
Archduke Karl, 1564 - 1590
Archduke Ferdinand, 1564 - 1595
Rudolf II, 1576 - 1612
Matthias II, 1612 - 1619
Archduke Maximilian, 1612 -1618
Ferdinand II as Archduke, 1592 - 1618
Ferdinand II, 1618 - 1637
Interregnum in the Tyrol, 1618 - 1619
Friedrich V of Palatinate, 1619 - 1620
Archduke Leopold, 1619 - 1632
Ferdinand III, 1627 - 1657
Protestant Assembly of Silesia, 1633 - 1635
Archduke Ferdinand Karl, 1632 - 1662
Ferdinand IV, 1646 - 1654
Archduke Sigismund Franz, 1662 - 1665
Leopold I, 1657 - 1705
Josef I, 1705 - 1711
Karl VI, 1711 - 1740
Karl VII, 1740 - 1745
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
Franz I, 1745 - 1765
Josef II, 1765 - 1790
Leopold II, 1790 - 1792
Franz II, 1792 - 1806
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1806 - 1918
Franz I, 1806 - 1835
Ferdinand I, 1835 - 1848
Franz Josef, 1848 - 1916
Karl I, 1916 - 1918
Republic, since 1918
Feudal States, Cities and Principalities
Brixen
Bishops
Dietrichstein
Princes
Eggenberg
Princes
Counts
Klosterneuburg
Priors
Montfort
Counts
Ortenburg
Counts
Paar
Princes
Salzburg
Archbishops
Trautson - Falkenstein
Paul Sixtus I, 1589 - 1621
Johann Franz, 1620 - 1663
Franz Eusebius, 1678 - 1728
Johann Leopold, 1663 - 1724
Vienna
Christopher Anton of Migazzi, 1757 - 1803
Windischgraetz
Leopold Victor Johann, 1727 - 1746
Josef Nicholas, 1746 - 1802
Belarus
Belgium
States and Cities
Artois
Bethune
Born
Brabant
Jean III, 1312 - 1355
Jeanne and Wenceslas, 1355 - 1383
Jeanne and Philippe Le Hardi, 1384 - 1389
Jeanne, 1383 - 1406
Antoine de Bourgogne, 1406 - 1415
Jean IV, 1414 - 1427
Philippe de St Paul as Regent, 1420 - 1422
Philippe de St Pol, 1427 - 1430
Philippe Le Bon, 1430 - 1467
Charles Le Temeraire, 1467 - 1477
Marie de Bourgogne, 1477 - 1482
Philippe I Le Beau, 1482 - 1494
Charles V, 1506 - 1555
Philippe II of Spain, 1555 - 1576
States General, 1577 - 1585
François d'Alençon, Duke of Anjou, 1581 - 1584
Independant States of Brabant, 1584 - 1585
Brussels under Siege by Alexander Farnese, 1584 - 1585
Philippe II of Spain, 1585 - 1598
Albert and Isabella of Spain, 1598 - 1621
Philippe IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
Charles II of Spain, 1665 - 1700
Philip V of Spain, 1700 - 1712
Charles III as Pretender King of Spain, 1703 - 1711
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1711 - 1740
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
François of Lorraine, 1745 - 1765
Joseph II, 1765 - 1790
François II, 1792 - 1794
Brussels
Under Siege by Alecander Farnese, 1584 - 1585
Fagnolle
Charles Joseph de Ligne, 1770 - 1803
Flanders
Louis de Crecy, 1322 - 1346
Louis de Male, 1346 - 1384
Philippe Le Hardi, 1384 - 1404
Jean sans peur, 1404 - 1419
Philippe le Bon, 1419 - 1467
Charles Le Temeraire, 1467 - 1477
Marie of Burgundy, 1477 - 1482
Philippe Le Beau, 1482 - 1506
Charles V, 1515 - 1555
Philip II of Spain, 1555 - 1598
States General, 1576 - 1581
Independant States of Flanders in Rebellion, 1583 - 1584
Philip II of Spain, 1585 - 1598
Albert and Isabella of Spain, 1598 - 1621
Philippe IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
Charles II of Spain, 1665 - 1700
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
Gent
Hainaut
Guillaume II, 1337 - 1345
Marguerite d'Avesnes, 1345 - 1356
Guillaume l'Insense III, 1356 - 1389
Albert of Bavaria, 1389 - 1404
Guillaume IV, 1404 - 1417
Jean IV de Brabant, 1418 - 1427
Philippe le Bon, 1433 - 1467
Philip II, 1577 - 1599
Hornes
Thierry Loef, 1358 - 1390
Guillaume VII, 1358 - 1415
Philippe de Montmorency, 1540 - 1568
Liege
Engelbert Da La Marck, 1345 - 1364
Jean D'Arckel, 1364 - 1378
Arnould De Horn, 1378 - 1389
Jean of Bavaria, 1389 - 1418
Jean of Heinsberg, 1419 - 1455
Louis de Bourbon, 1456 - 1482
Jean of Hoorn, 1484 - 1505
Erard De La Marck, 1506 - 1538
Corneille of Berghes, 1538 - 1544
George of Austria, 1544 - 1557
Gerhard of Groesbeck, 1564 - 1580
Ernest of Bavaria, 1581 - 1612
Ferdinand of Bavaria, 1612 - 1650
Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, 1650 - 1688
Sede Vacante, 1688
Jean Louis D'Elderen, 1688 - 1694
Sede Vacante, 1694
Joseph Clement of Bavaria, 1694 - 1723
Sede Vacante, 1724, 1744
Jean Theodore of Bavaria, 1744 - 1763
Sede Vancante, 1763, 1771, 1784, 1792
Loos
Thierry of Heinsberg, 1336 - 1361
Godefroid III of Dalenbroeck, 1361 - 1363
Namur
Guillaume I, 1337 - 1397
Philippe Le Bon, 1421 - 1467
Philippe Le Beau, 1494 - 1506
Charles V, 1506 - 1555
Maximilian Emmanuel of Bavaria, 1711 - 1714
Reckheim
Guillaume of Sombreffe, 1400 - 1475
Guillaume of Vlodorp, 1556 - 1565
Jean of Quadt de Wyckradt, 1564 - 1569
Guillaume of Quadt de Wyckradt, 1569 - 1590
Armand of Aspremont Lynden, 1590 - 1603
Ferdiand of Aspremont Lynden, 1601 - 1665
Rummen
Aarnaud of Oreye, 1355 - 1370
Henri of Diest, 1417 - 1418
Jean of Wezemael, 1415 - 1464
Stavelot
Christophe of Manderscheid, 1546 - 1576
Tournai
French Kings
Spanish Kings
Waesland
Siege Coinage, 1582 - 1583
Ypres
Siege Coinage, 1583 - 1584
States in Revolt, 1789 - 1790
Kingdom, since 1831
Leopold I, 1831 - 1865
Leopold II, 1865 - 1909
Albert, 1909 - 1934
Baudouin I, 1951 - 1993
Albert II, since 1993
Bohemia
Kings of Bohemia
Luxemburg Dynasty
Johann, 1310 - 1346
Karel I, 1346 - 1378
Waclav IV, 1378 - 1419
Jagiellonian Dynasty
Vladislav II, 1471 - 1516
Ludvek II, 1516 - 1526
Habsburg Rulers
Ferdinand I, 1526 - 1564
Maximilian II, 1564 - 1576
Rudolf II, 1576 - 1612
Matthias II, 1612 - 1619
Friedrich V, 1619 - 1620
National Assembly of Bohemia & Moravia, 1619 - 1620
National Assembly of Moravia & Silesia, 1621
Ferdinand II, 1619 - 1637
Ferdinand III, 1637 - 1657
Karl VI, 1711 - 1740
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
Feudal States and Cities
Lobkowitz
Ferdinand August Leopold, 1677 - 1715
Franz Josef Maximilian, 1784 - 1816
Olmuetz
Franz von Dietrichstein, 1599 - 1636
Leopold Wilhelm, 1637 - 1662
Karl II von Liechtenstein-Castelcorn, 1664 - 1695
Karl III Josef, 1695 - 1711
Wolfgang von Schrattenbach, 1711 - 1738
Jacob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Castelcorn, 1738 - 1745
Ferdinand Julius von Trojer, 1745 - 1756
Anton Theodor von Colloredo-Wladsee, 1777 - 1811
Rudolf Johann, 1819 - 1831
Rosenberg
Wilhelm, 1581-1592
Peter Wok, 1592 - 1599
Schlick
Heinrich IV, 1612 - 1650
Franz Ernst, 1652 - 1675
Franz Josef, 1675 - 1740
Franz Heinrich, 1740 - 1766
Leopold Heinrich, 1766 - 1770
Schwarzenberg
Johann Adam, 1646 - 1683
Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius, 1683 - 1703
Adam Franz, 1703 - 1732
Josef Adam, 1732 - 1782
Josef Johann Nepomuk, 1782 - 1789
VWyscherad
Karl Joseph Martinitz
Ferdinand Kindermann von Schulstein, 1782 - 1801
Procop Benedict Henniger Eberg, 1802
Wallenstein
Albert Wallenstein, 1625- 1634
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Kingdom
Ivan Assen II, 1218 - 1241
Ferdinand, 1887 - 1918
Boris III, 1918 - 1943
Republic, since 1946
Courland
Jakob Ketteler, 1642 - 1681
Friedrich Kasimir Ketteler, 1682 - 1698
Ernst Johann Biron, 1737 - 1740, 1762 - 1769
Peter Biron, 1769 - 1795
Croatia
Crusader
Cyprus
Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic
Danish West Indies
Denmark
Hans, 1481 - 1513
Christian II, 1513 - 1523
Frederik I, 1523 - 1533
Christian III, 1534 - 1559
Frederik I, 1523 - 1533
Christian IV, 1588 - 1648
Frederik III, 1648 - 1670
Christian V, 1670 - 1699
Frederik IV, 1699 - 1730
Christian VI, 1730 - 1746
Frederick V, 1746 - 1766
Christian VII, 1766 - 1808
Frederik VI, 1808 - 1839
Christian VIII, 1839 - 1848
Frederik VII, 1848 - 1863
Christian IX, 1863 - 1906
Frederik VIII, 1906 - 1912
Christian X, 1912 - 1947
Margrethe II, since 1972
Estonia
Faroe Islands
Finland
Czars of Russia
Republic, since 1926
France
Early Medieval
Feudal Coinage
Aquitaine
Edward III, King of England, 1327 - 1377
Edward, Prince of Wales, 1362 - 1372
Richard II, King of England, 1377 - 1399
Henry IV, 1399 - 1413
Henry V, 1417 - 1422
Henry VI, 1422 - 1453
Charles, 1468 - 1474
Arles
Gaillard II de Saumate, 1317 - 1323
Etienne (Stephan) II de la Garde, 1351 - 1359
Guillaume (William) II de la Garde, 1360 - 1374
Jean ferrier, 1499 - 1521
Artois
Philippe II, 1582 - 1593
Philippe IV, 1622 - 1640
Avignon (Comtat Venaissin)
Jean XXII (Jacques d'Euse), 1316 - 1334
Innocent VI (Etienne d'Aubert), 1352 - 1362
Urbain V (Guillaume de Grisac), 1362 - 1370
Grégoire XI (Pierre Roger de Beaufort), 1370 - 1378
Clement VII (Robert de Geneve), 1378 - 1394
Benoit XIII, 1394 - 1409
Jean XXIII (Balthazar Cosa), 1410 - 1415
Martin V (Oddone Colonna), 1417 - 1431
Calixte (Callisto) III, 1455 - 1458
Sixte IV (Francesco della Rovere), 1471 - 1484
Innocente VIII (Giovanni Battista Cibo), 1484 - 1492
Jules II (Giuliano della Rovere), 1503 - 1513
Jules III (Giovanni Maria de monte), 1550 - 1555
Pie (pius) V (Gianangelo de Medici), 1559 - 1565
St. Pie V (Antonio Ghislieri), 1566 - 1572
Gregoire XIII (Ugo Buoncampagni), 1572 - 1585
Clement VIII (Ippoliti Aldobandini), 1592 - 1605
Paul V (Camillo Borghese), 1605 -1621
Gregoire XV (Alessandro Ludovisi), 1621 - 1623
Urbain VIII (Maffeo Barberini), 1623 - 1644
Innocente X (Giovanni Battista Pamfili), 1644 - 1655
Alexandre VII (Fabio Chigi), 1655 - 1667
Bar
Robert, 1352 - 1412
Edouard (Edward) III, 1411 - 1415
Bearn
Gaston Phebus, 1343 - 1391
Gaston de Foix, 1436 - 1472
François Phebus de Foix, 1479 - 1483
Catherine de Foix, 1483 - 1516
Besançon
Charles V (Charles I of Spain), 1515 - 1556
Philippe IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
Bethune
Jean III de Namur, 1418 - 1429
Bouillon
Guillaume (William) Robert de la Marck, 1574 - 1588
Charlotte de la Marck, 1589 - 1591
Henri de la Tour & Charlotte, 1591 - 1594
Henri de la Tour, 1594 - 1623
Godefroid Maurice de la Tour, 1652 - 1721
Brittany (Bretagne)
Period 800 - 1000
Charles de Blois, 1341 - 1364
Jean IV de Montfort, 1364 - 1399
Jean V, 1399 - 1442
François I, 1442 - 1450
François II, 1450 - 1457
Anne de Bretagne, 1488 - 1491, 1498 -1499
Burgundy (Bourgogne)
Eudes IV, 1315 - 1350
Philipppe de Rouvre, 1350 - 1361
Philippe III (le Bon), 1419 - 1467
Charles le Temeraire, 1467 - 1477
Cambrai (Kamerijk)
Gui (Guy) IV de Ventadour, 1342 - 1349
Pierre (Peter) IV d'Andre, 1349 - 1368
Robert de Geneve, 1368 - 1371
Gerard III de Dainville, 1371 - 1378
Maximilien de Berghes, Bishop 1556 - 1559
Maximilien de Berghes, Archbishop 1559 - 1570
Louis de Berlaimont, Archbishop 1570 - 1596
Interregnum, 1349
Interregnum, 1368
Chateau-Renaud
François de Bourbon & Louise-Marguerite, 1605 - 1614
Louise Marguerite, 1614 - 1631
Chatelet-Vauvillers
Nicholas II du Chatelet-Vauvillers, 1525 - 1662
Dole (Dola)
Philippe le Beau, 1493 - 1506
Philippe II, 1556 - 1598
Philippe IV, 1621 - 1665
Dombes
Jean II de Bourbon, 1459 - 1488
Pierre II, Duc de Bourbon & Comte de Clermont, 1482 - 1503
Louis II de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier, 1560 - 1582
François II de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier, 1582 - 1592
Marie de Montpensier, 1608 - 1626
Gaston d'Orleans & Marie de Montpensier, 1626 - 1627
Gaston d'Orleans, 1627 - 1650
Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, 1650 - 1693
Evreux
Charles (le Mauvaix) de Navarre, 1343 - 1387
Gorze
Charles de Lorraine-Remoncourt, 1608 - 1630
Haguenau
Ligny & St. Paul
Gui de Luxembourg, 1364 - 1371
Walerand III de Luxembourg, 1371 - 1415
Jean III de Luxembourg, 1430 - 1440
Lorraine
Jean I, 1348 - 1389
Rene II de Vaudemont-Anjou, 1473 - 1508
Antoine (Anthony) (le Bon), 1508 - 1544
Charles III, 1545 - 1608
Henri II (le Bon), 1608 - 1624
Charles and Nicole (Nicholas), 1624 - 1625
Charles IV, 1626 - 1634, 1638 - 1639, 1661 - 1675
Leopold I, 1690 - 1729
François III Stephan, 1729 - 1736
Metz
Robert de Lenoncourt, 1551-1555
Henri de Bourbon-Verneuil, 1612 - 1652
Montelimart
Gaucher Adhemar de la Garde, 1346 - 1360
Montpellier
Sanche de Majorca, 1311 - 1324
Navarre
Charles II (Carlos 2, le Mauvais), Conte d'Evreux, 1349 - 1387
Jean II (King Juan II of Aragon), 1441 - 1479
François Phebus de Foix, 1479 - 1483
Catherine de Foix & Jean d'Albret, 1483 - 1512
Ferdinand II d'Aragon, 1512 - 1516
Henri II d'Albret, 1516 - 1555
Jeanne III d'Albret, 1562 - 1572
Henri II de Bearn, 1572 - 1610
Nice
Orange
Raymond III, 1335 - 1340 & Raymond IV, 1340 - 1393
Jean II de Chalon, 1475 - 1502
Philippe Guillaume ( Philip William) de Nassau, 1584 - 1618
Maurice de Nassau, 1618 - 1625
Frederic Henri de Nassau, 1625 - 1647
Guillaume (William) IX de Nassau, 1647 - 1650
Guillaume Henri (William Henry) de Nassau, 1650 - 1702
Perpignan
Louis XI, 1461 - 1483
Charles VIII, 1483 - 1498
Provence
Charles I d'Anjou, 1246 - 1285
Charles II d'Anjou, 1285 - 1309
Jeanne de Naples, 1343 - 1352
Louis de Tarente & Jeanne, 1347 - 1382
Louis I, 1382 - 1384
Louis II, 1384 - 1417
Rene, 1434 - 1480
Charles III, 1480 - 1482
Rethel
Louis III de Male, 1346 - 1384
Charles II Gonzague, 1601 - 1637
Roussillon
Ferdinand II, 1479 - 1516
Charles & Jeanne, 1516 - 1556
Saint-Paul Trois Chateaux
Jean I Costi, 1349 - 1361
Saint Pol
Salm
Leopold Philippe Charles, 1636 - 1663
Strasbourg
City
Bishopric
Verdun
Eric de Lorraine-Vaudemont, 1593 - 1611
Charles de Lorraine-Chaligny, 1610 - 1622
Viennois
Guiges VIII (Comte d'Albon), 1319 - 1333
Humbert II, 1333 - 1349
Charles V, 1349 - 1364
Charles VI, 1380 - 1409
Charles VII, 1422 - 1440
Louis II, 1440 - 1456
Kingdom of France
House of Capet (987 - 1328)
Louis IX (Saint Louis), 1226 - 1270
Philippe IV (le Bel) 1285 - 1314
Louis X (le Hutin) 1314 - 1316
Philippe V (le long) 1316 - 1322
Charles IV (le Bel), 1322 - 1328
House of Valois ( 1328 - 1498)
Philippe VI de Valois, 1328 - 1350
Jean II le Bon, 1350 - 1364
Charles V, 1364 - 1380
Charles VI, 1380 - 1422
Charles VII, 1422 - 1461
Louis XI, 1461 - 1483
Charles VIII, 1483 - 1498
Kings of England and France
Henri V, 1415 - 1422
Henri VI, 1422 - 1453
House of Orleans & Angouleme (1498 - 1589)
Louis XII, 1498 - 1515
François I, 1515 - 1547
Henri II, 1547 - 1559
François II, 1559 - 1560
Charles IX, 1560 - 1574
Henri III, 1574 - 1589
Charles X (Cardinal de Bourbon), 1589 - 1590
House of Bourbon (1589 - 1792, 1814 - 1830)
Henri IV, 1589 - 1610
Louis XIII, 1610 - 1643
Louis XIV, 1643 - 1715
Louis XV, 1715 - 1774
Louis XVI, 1774 - 1792
Modern France, since 1793
First Republic
Convention, 1792 - 1795
Consulate, 1799 - 1804
Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul 1801 - 1804
First Empire, 1804 - 1814
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1804 - 1814
Napoleon Bonaparte, 20 March - 22 June 1815
Restoration
Louis XVIII, 1814 - 1824
Charles X, 1824 - 1830
Louis Philippe I, 1830 - 1848
Second Republic, 1848 - 1852
Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, President
Second Empire
Napoleon III, 1852 - 1870
Third Republic, 1871 - 1940
Fourth Republic, 1940 - 1959
Fifth Republic, 1959 -
Georgia
Germany
German States and Cities
Aachen
Anhalt
Waldemar VI & Brothers, 1471 - 1508
Johann Georg I & Brothers, 1603 - 1618
Anhalt-Bernburg
Victor Amadeus, 1656 - 1718
Victor Friedrich, 1721 - 1765
Alexius Friedrich Christian, 1796 - 1834
Anhalt-Coethen
August Ludwig, 1728 - 1755
Anhlat-Dessau
Johann Kasimir, 1618 - 1660
Anhalt-Ploetzkau
Anhalt-Zerbst
Karl Wilhelm, 1667 - 1718
Johann Ludwig & Christian August, 1742 - 1747
Friedrich August, 1747 - 1793
Arenberg
Ludwig Engelbert, 1778 - 1820
Augsburg
Holy Roman Emperors
Swedish Kings
Bishops
Baden
The Baden Line
The Durlach Line
Bamberg
City
Bishopric
Bavaria
Ludwig IV, 1314 - 1347
Albrecht IV, 1465 - 1508
Wilhelm IV, 1508 - 1550
Wilhelm IV & Ludwig X, 1516 - 1545
Albrecht V, 1550 - 1579
Wilhelm V the Pious, 1579 - 1598
Maximilian I, 1598 - 1651
Ferdinand Maria, 1651 - 1679
Maximilian II Emanuel, 1679 - 1726
Karl Albert, 1726 - 1744
Maximilian III Joseph, 1745 - 1777
Karl Theodor von Pfalz-Birkenfeld, 1777 - 1799
Maximilian IV Joseph, 1799 - 1805
Maximilian I, 1806- 1825
Ludwig I, 1825 - 1848
Maximilian II, 1848 - 1864
Ludwig II, 1864 - 1886
City of Würzburg
Bentheim - Steinfurt
Ernst Wilhelm, 1643 - 1693
Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda
Adolf, 1603 - 1623
Moritz, 1625 - 1674
Biberach
Brandenburg-Franken
Friedrich V, 1361 - 1397
Johann III, 1404 - 1420
Friedrich VI, Duke of Hohenzollern, 1404 - 1440
Albrecht Achilles, 1464 - 1486
Friedrich & Sigismund, 1486 - 1495
Friedrich, 1495 - 1515
Casimir & Georg, 1515 - 1527
Georg, 1527 - 1536
Georg & Albrecht, 1536 - 1543
Albrecht Alcibiades, 1527 - 1554
Georg Friedrich von Ansbach, 1543 - 1603
Christian von Bayreuth & Joachim Friedrich von Ansbach, 1603 - 1625
Brandenburg-Ansbach
Johachim Ernst, 1603-1625
Friedrich II, Albrecht & Christian, 1625 - 1634
Albrecht, 1634 - 1667
Johann Friedrich, 1667 - 1686
Wilhelm Friedrich, 1703 - 1723
Christiane Charlotte, 1723 - 1729
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich, 1729 - 1757
Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander, 1757 - 1791
Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian, 1603 - 1655
Christian Ernst, 1655 - 1712
Georg Wilhelm, 1712 - 1726
Georg Friedrich Karl, 1726 - 1735
Friedrich, 1735 - 1763
Friedrich Christian, 1763 - 1769
Branau
Breisach
Bremen
Holy Roman Emperos
Archbishopric
Bremen and Verden
Christina, 1632 - 1654
Karl XI, 1660 - 1697
Breslau
City
Bishops
Bretzenheim
Karl August, 1769 - 1823
Brunswick (Braunschweig)
Brunswick-Calenberg
Erich I, 1491 - 1540
Brunswick-Grubenhagen
Wolfgang and Philipp II, 1567 - 1595
Brunswick-Lueneburg
Bernhard I, 1428 - 1434
Julius Ernst of Dannenberg, 1598 - 1636
Chritian of Minden, 1599 - 1633
August, 1610 - 1636
Friedrich, 1636 - 1648
Georg of Calenberg, 1635 - 1641
Christian Ludwig of Celle, 1646 - 1665
Georg Wilhelm of Celle, 1665 - 1705
Johann Friedrich of Calenberg, 1665 - 1679
Ernst August, 1692 - 1698
George I of England, 1698 - 1727
George II of England, 1727 - 1760
George III of England, 1760 - 1820
Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel
Heinrich II, 1514 - 1568
Julius, 1568 - 1589
Friedrich Ulrich, 1613 - 1634
Christian of Halberstadt, 1616 - 1626
August, 1635 - 1666
Rudolf August, 1666 - 1704
Rudolf August and Anton Ulric, 1685 - 1704
Anton Ulrich, 17
Elisabeth Juliana, 1656 - 1704
Ferdianand Albrecht I, died 1687
Ludwig Rudolf, 1714 - 1735
August Wilhelm, 1714 - 1731
Ferdinand Albrecht II, 1735
Elizabeth Christina, 1733 - 1797
karl I, 1735 - 1780
Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, 1780 - 1806
Friedrich Wilhelm, 1806 - 1815
Karl II, 1815 - 1830
Wilhelm, 1831 - 1884
Cologne (Koeln)
City
Archbishops
Constance (Konstanz)
City
Bishops
Corvey
Karl Blittersdorf, 1722 - 1737
Kasper Boselager, 1737 - 1758
Philipp Spiegel, 1758 - 1776
Cosel
Darmstadt
Diepholt
Dietrichstein
Donauwoerth
Dortmund
East Frisia (Ostfriesland)
Udo, 1421 - 1433
Ulrich and Edzard, 1441 - 1466
Ulrich, 1441 - 1448
Enno I, 1483 - 1491
Edzard II, 1491 - 1528
Edzard II, Christoph and Johann, 1566 - 1591
Edzard II and Johann, 1566 - 1591
Edzard III, 1591 - 1599
Enno III, 1599 - 1625
Georg Christian, 1660 - 1665
Christian Eberhard, 1690 - 1708
Georg Albrecht, 1708 - 1734
Karl Edzard, 1734 - 1744
Eichstaett
Gabriel, 1496 - 1535
Martin, 1560 - 1590
Johann Konrad, 1595 - 1612
Johann Christoph, 1612 - 1636
Johann Eucharius Schenk, 1685 - 1697
Franz Ludwig Schenk, 1725 - 1736
Johann Anton II, 1736 - 1757
Einbeck
Elbing
Emden
Erfurt
City
Swedish Kings
Essen
Sophie of Gleichen, 1459 - 1489
Anna Salome, 1646 - 1688
Fransiska Christine, 1717 - 1776
Esslingen
Frankenthal
Frankfurt
Freiburg
Freising
Johann Franz, 1695 - 1727
Clemens Wenceslas, 1763 - 1768
Friedberg
Johann Eberhard, 1577 - 1617
Konrad Loew, 1617 - 1632
Fugger
Anton, 1493 - 1560
Maximilian, 1619 - 1637
Fulda
Balthasar, 1570 - 1606
Bernhard Gustav, 1671 - 1678
Placidus, 1678 - 1700
Konstantin, 1714 - 1726
Adolf, 1726 - 1737
Amandus, 1737 - 1756
Adalbrecht, 1756 - 1759
Heinrich VIII, 1759 - 1788
Fuerstenberg
Joseph, 1704 - 1762
Karl Egon, died 1788
Fuerth
Glatz
Ulrich von Hardenberg, 1501 - 1531
Johann, 1537 - 1549
Ernst, 1549 - 1554
Goslar
Gottingen
Hagenau
Halberstadt
Hall in Suebia (Schwaebisch Hall)
Hamburg
Hameln
Hanau-Lichtenberg
Johann Reinhard I, 1599 - 1625
Philipp Wolfgang, 1625 - 1641
Friedrich Kasimir, 1641 - 1685
Philipp Reinhard, 1685 - 1712
Johann Reinhard III, 1712 - 1736
Hanau-Muenzenberg
Wilhelm VIII von Hessen-Kassel, 1736 - 1760
Wilhelm IX von Hessen-Kassel, 1764 - 1821
Hannover
City
George IV, 1820 - 1830
Wilhelm IV, 1830 - 1837
Ernst August, 1837 - 1851
George V, 1851 - 1866
Hatzfeld
Sebastian, 1569-1631
Melchior, 1631 - 1658
Hermann, 1631 - 1677
Heilbronn
Heinsberg
Gotfried II of Dalenbrug, 1361 - 1396
Helfenstein
Georg II, 1548 - 1573
Froben, 1593 - 1622
Hessen-Darmstadt
Ludwig V, 1596 - 1626
Georg II, 1626 - 1661
Ludwig VI, 1661 - 1678
Ernst Ludwig, 1678 - 1739
Ludwig VIII, 1739 - 1768
Ludwig IX, 1768 - 1790
Ludwig X, 1790 -1830
Ludwig II, 1830 - 1848
Hessen-Homburg
Friedrich II, died 1708
Hessen-Kassel
Wilhelm II, 1493 - 1509
Wilhelm I and Philipp
Philipp, 1509 - 1567
Moritz, 1592 - 1632
Wilhelm V, 1627 - 1637
Amalia Elisabeth, died 1651
Wilhelm VI, 1638 - 1663
Hedwig Sophia, 1663 - 1677
Elisabeth Henrietta, died 1683
Wilhelm VII, 1663 - 1670
Karl, 1670 - 1730
FriedrichI, 1730 - 1751
Wilhelm VIII, 1751 - 1760
Friedrich II, 1760 - 1785
Georg Wilhelm
Wilhelm IX, 1785 - 1821
Wilhelm II, 1821 - 1831
Wilhelm II and Friedrich Wilhelm, 1831 - 1847
Friedrich Wilhelm I, 1847 - 1866
Swedish Kings
Hessen-Marburg
Ludwig III, 1567 - 1604
Hildesheim
City
Bishops
Hohenlohe
Joint counts, 1594 - 1610
Anonymous
Georg Friedrich of Neuenstein, 1610 - 1645
Ludwig Gustav of Waldenburg, 1656 - 1697
Wolfgang Julius of Neuenstein, 1676 - 1698
Johann Friedrich I of Ohringen, 1676 - 1702
Wolfgang Julius of Neuenstein, 1676 - 1698
Karl Louis of Weickersheim, 1708 - 1756
Johann Friedrich II of Ohringen, 1708 - 1765
Karl Philipp of Neuenstein, 1733 - 1763
Philipp Ernst of Schillingsfuerst, 1697 - 1753
Ludwig Gottfried of Pfledelbach, 1685 - 1728
Joseph Anton of Pfledelbach, 1745 - 1764
Ludwig of Langenburg, 1715 - 1765
Karl Albrecht of Schillingsfuerst, 1750 - 1793
Ludwig Friedrich Karl of Ohringen, 1765 - 1805
Friedrich Ludwig of Ingelfingen, 1796 - 1806
Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Friedrich Wilhelm, 1671 - 1735
Hohnstein
Ernst V, 1508 - 1552
Ingelheim
Isenburg
Johan I, 1352 - 1395
Wolfgang Ernst I, 1596 - 1628
Karl, 1803 - 1815
Juelich-Kleve-Berg
Dukes of Juelich
Dukes of Kleve
Dukes of Berg
Dukes of Juelich-Berg
Dukes of Juelich, Kleve and Berg
Palatine Dukes of Juelich, Kleve and Berg
Kaufbeuren
Kempten
Abbots
City
Koenigsegg
Franz Hugo
Landau
Leiningen
Emicho V, 1375 - 1442
Leiningen - Westerburg
Ludwig, 1597 - 1622
Leipzig
Leutkirch
Lippe-Detmold
Simon VII, 1613 - 1627
Simon Heinrich, 1666 - 1697
Friedrich Adolf, 1697 - 1718
Simon Heinrich Adolf, 1718 - 1734
Simon August, 1734 - 1782
Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold, 1782 - 1802
Loewenstein-Rochefort
Maximilian Karl, 1672 - 1718
Karl Thomas, 1735 - 1789
Loewenstein-Wertheim
Karl Ludwig, 1737 - 1779
Johann Ludwig Wolrad, 1730 - 1790
Dominik Konstantin, 1789 - 1806
Friedrich Karl, 1799 - 1806
Luebeck
City
Bishops
Lueneburg
Magdeburg
City
Archbishops
Mansfeld
The Bornstedt Line
The Eisleben Line
The Friedeburg Line
The Artern Line
The Hinterort Line
Mayence (Mainz)
Archbishops
Abbey of St Alban
Swedish Rulers
Mecklenburg
Johann Albrecht, 1547 - 1576
Mecklenburg-Guestrow
Johann Albrecht II, 1611 - 1636
Gustav Adolf, 1636 - 1695
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Adolf Friedrich, 1592 - 1658
Christian Ludwig I, 1658 - 1692
Friedrich Wilhelm, 1692 - 1713
Christian Ludwig II, 1747 - 1756
Friedrich, 1756 - 1785
Friedrich Franz, 1785 - 1837
Paul Friedrich, 1837 - 1842
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Adolf Friedrich III, 1708 - 1752
Adolf Friedrich IV, 1752 - 1794
Memmingen
Minden
Hermann, 1566 - 1582
Anton, 1585 - 1599
Moers
Friedrich II, 1375 - 1417
Friedrich III, 1417 - 1448
Muenster
City
Bishops
Nassau
Ruprecht, 1355 - 1390
Walram, 1370 - 1393
Philipp, 1371 - 1429
Johann I of Dillenburg, 1351 - 1416
Heinrich of Dillenburg, 1662 - 1702
Karl August, 1719 - 1753
Friedrich August and Friedrich Wilhelm, 1803 - 1816
Wilhelm, 1816 - 1839
Nordhausen
Noerdlingen
Nostiz-Rieneck
Anton Johann, 1683 - 1739
Nuremberg
Swedish Kings
Obersteinbach
Oldenburg
Anton Guenther, 1603 - 1667
Friedrich August, 1773 - 1785
Osnabrueck
Bishops
Swedish Kings
Oettingen
Wolfgang I and Joachim, 1477 - 1520
Karl Wolfgang and Ludwig XV, 1522 - 1549
Karl Wolfgang and Martin, 1522 - 1549
Martin, 1520 - 1549
Karl Wolfgang, Ludwig XV and Martin, 1522 - 1549
Albert Ernest I, 1659 - 1683
Albrecht Ernst II, 1683 - 1731
Paderborn
Theodor Adolf von der Recke, 1650 - 1660
Ferdinand II von Fürstenberg, 1661 - 1683
Hermann Werner von Wolff-Metternich, 1683 - 1704
Franz Arnold von Wolff-Metternich, 1704 - 1718
Clemens Ernst von Bayern, 1719 - 1761
Wilhelm Anton von Asseburg, 1763 - 1782
Palatine (Pfalz)
Ruprecht I, 1353 - 1390
Ruprecht II, 1390 - 1398
Ruprecht III, 1398 - 1410
Ludwig III, 1410 - 1436
Ludwig IV, 1436 - 1449
Friedrich I, 1449 - 1476
Philipp, 1449 - 1508
Ludwig V, 1508 - 1544
Otto Heinrich and Philipp, 1505 - 1556
Friedrich II, 1508 - 1566
Friedrich III, 1557 - 1576
Ludwig VI, 1576 - 1592
Friedrich IV, 1592 - 1610
Friedrich V, 1610 - 1632
Karl Ludwig, 1648 - 1680
Karl, 1680 - 1685
Johann Wilhelm, 1690 - 1716
Karl Philipp, 1710 - 1742
Karl Theodor, 1743 - 1799
Palatine-Birkenfeld-Zweibruecken
Christian IV, 1735 - 1775
Karl August, 17
Palatinate-Mosbach
Otto II, 1461 - 1499
Palatinate-Neuburg
Philipp Wilhelm, 1653 - 1690
Palatinate-Simmern
Stephan, 1410 - 1453
Friedrich I, 1453 - 1480
Richard, 1569 - 1598
Palatinate-Sulzbach
Christian August, 1632 - 1708
Palatinate-Veldenz
Georg Gustav, 1592 - 1634
Leopold Ludwig, 1634 - 1694
Palatinate-Zweibrucken
Ludwig, 1459 - 1489
Johann The Elder, 1569 - 1604
Johann II, 1604 - 1635
Pappenheim
Christian Ernst, 1685 - 1721
Friedrich Ferdinand, 1721 - 1733
Passau
Wiguleus Froeschl von der Pfalz, 1500 - 1517
Ernst von Bayern, 1517 - 1540
Urban von Trennbach, 1561 - 1598
Sebastian von Thun, 1673 - 1689
Johann Philipp von Lamberg, 1689 - 1712
Raymund Ferdinand von Rabatta, 1713 - 1722
Joseph Domenicus von Lamberg, 1723 - 1761
Leopold Ernst von Firmian, 1763 - 1783
Pommeria
Dukes
Swedish Rukers
Prussia
Brandenburg
Kingdom
Quedlinburg
Dorothea of Saxony, 1610 - 1617
Dorothea Sophie, 1618 - 1645
Anna Dorothea, 1685 - 1704
Rantzau
Chritian I, 1650 - 1663
Detlef, 1663 - 1697
Ratzeburg
August of Brunswick, 1610 - 1636
Regensburg (Ratisbon)
City
Holy Roman Emperos
Bishops
Duke
Reuss
Older Line
Younger Line
Reuss-Rodenthal
Heinrich V, 1668 - 1698
Reutlingen
Rhine Confederation
Karl von Dalberg, 1802 - 1813
Rostock
Rothenburg
Rottweil
Salm-Dhaun
Curatorial coinage, 1606 - 1617
Wolfgang Friedrich, died 1638
Salm-Kyrburg
Otto I, died 1607
Johann Philipp, Otto Ludwig, Johann Kasimir and Otto, 1623 - 1624
Friedrich III, 1779 - 1794
Saxony (Sachsen)
The Albertine Line
Saxony-Altenburg
Johann Philipp and his brothers Friedrich, Johann Wilhelm and Wilhelm II, 1602 - 1639
Johann Philipp and Friedrich Wilhelm II
Johann Philipp
Friedrich Wilhelm II, 1639 - 1669
Friedrich Wilhelm III, 1669 - 1673
Saxony-Coburg-Gotha
Ernst, 1826 - 1844
Saxony-Eisenach
Saxony-Eisenberg
Christian, 1675 - 1707
Saxony-Ernestine
Friedrich II, 1428 - 1464
Friedrich III, Albright and Johann
Friedrich III, Georg and Johann
Friedrich III, Johann and Georg, 1507 - 1525
Friedrich III The Wise, 1486 - 1525
Johann Friedrich, 1532 - 1553
Saxony-Gotha
Old Gotha
New Gotha
Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg
Friedrich IV, 1822 - 1825
Saxony-Hildburghausen
Ernst Friedrich, 1715 - 1724
Ernst Friedrich Charles, 1745 - 1780
Saxony-Jena
Bernhard, 1662 - 1678
Saxony-Lauenburg
Franz II, 1581 - 1619
Julius Heinrich, 1656 - 1665
Julius Franz, 1666 - 1689
Friedrich August, 1689
Saxony-Meiningen
Bernhard, 1680 - 1706
Ernst Ludwig I, 1706 - 1724
Charles, 1763 - 1782
Saxony-Roemhild
Heinrich, 1680 - 1710
Saxony-Saalfeld
Johann Ernst VII, 1680 - 1729
Saxony-Coburg-Saalfeld
Christian Ernst and Franz Josias, 1729 - 1745
Christian Ernst, 1729 - 1745
Franz Josias, 1745 - 1764
Ernst Friedrich, 1764 - 1800
Saxony-Weimar
Johann Ernst and his seven Brothers, 1605 - 1640
Friedrich, died 1622
Johann Ernst and his five Brothers
Bernhard, died 1639
Wilhelm, 1630 - 1662
Wilhelm Ernst, 1683 - 1728
Ernst August, 1728 - 1748
Friedrich III
Ernst August Constantin, 1756 - 1758
Anna Amalia, 1758 - 1775
Saxony-Weissenfels
Johann Adolf, 1680 - 1697
Johann Georg, 1697 - 1712
Christian, 1712 - 1736
Sayn
Heinrich IV, 1568 - 1606
Sayn-Berleburg
George V, 1605 - 1631
Sayn-Wittgenstein
Ludwig, 1605 - 1634
Johann, 1634 - 1657
Gustav, 1657 - 1701
Schaumburg
Adolf XIII, 1576 - 1601
Ernst III, 1601 - 1622
Schaumburg-Lippe
Wilhelm, 1748 - 1777
Philipp Ernst, 1777 - 1787
Georg Wilhelm, 1807 - 1860
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg
Philipp Ernst, 1698 - 1729
Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
Johann Adolf, 1590 - 1616
Friedrich III, 1616 - 1659
Christian Albrecht, 1659 - 1694
Friedrich IV, 1694 - 1702
Karl Friedrich, 1702 - 1739
Schleswig-Holstein-Plön
Johann Adolf, 1671 - 1704
Friedrich Karl, 1722 - 1761
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
Johann the Younger, 1564 - 1622
Alexander, 1622 - 1627
Schwarzburg
The sons of Albrecht VII, 1605 - 1613
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Gunther XLIII, 1718 - 1740
Ludwig Friedrich II, 1793 - 1807
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Christian Wilhelm, 1666 - 1721
Anton Gunther II, 1697 - 1716
Schweinfurt
Silesia (Schlesien)
Silesia-Jaegerndorf
Georg Friedrich, 1543 - 1603
Johann Georg, 1606 - 1621
Silesia-Liegnitz-Brieg
Wenceslas, 1348 - 1364
Friedrich II, 1488 - 1547
Joachim Friedrich, 1587 - 1602
Johann Christian and Georg Rudolf, 1602 - 1621
Johann Christian, died 1639
Georg, Ludwig and Christian, 1639 - 1663
Georg III, 1639 - 1664
Ludwig, 1653 - 1663
Christian, 1639 - 1673
Silesia-Muensterberg
Johann Weikhard, 1654 - 1677
Silesia-Muensterberg-Oels
Albrecht and Karl, 1498 - 1511
Karl I, 1498 - 1536
Joachim, Heinrich II, Johann and Georg, 1536 - 1558
Joachim, Heinrich III and Karl II, 1552 - 1562
Johann, died 1565
Heinrich III and Karl II, 1562 - 1587
Karl II, 1548 - 1617
Heinrich Wenceslas and Karl Friedrich, 1617 - 1639
Silesia-Schweidnitz
Bolko II, 1326 - 1368
Silesia-Teschen
Adam Wenzel, 1579 - 1617
Elisabeth Lucretia, 1625 - 1653
Silesia-Troppau
Przemislaw, 1366 - 1433
Silesia-Wuerttemberg-Oels
Sylvius Friedrich, 1673 - 1697
Christian Ulrich, 1673 - 1704
Karl of Juliusburg, 1684 - 1745
Karl Friedrich, 1704 - 1744
Karl Christian, 1744 - 1792
Sinzendorf
Georg Ludwig, 1632 - 1680
Philipp Ludwig, 1687 - 1742
Johann Wilhelm, 1742 - 1766
Solms-Laubach
Christian August, 1738 - 1784
Solms-Lich
Ernst I, Eberhard and Hermann Adolf, 1588 - 1590
Hermann Adolf, Georg Eberhard, Ernst II & Philipp, 1590 - 1610
Ernst II, 1602 - 1619
Philipp, died 1631
Philipp Reinhard, 1613 - 1635
Solms-Roedelheim
Johann August and his Brothers, 1632 - 1665
Johann August, 1665 - 1680
Speyer
Adolf von Nassau, 1372 - 1390
Marquard von Hattstein, 1560 - 1581
Philipp Christoph, 1610 - 1652
Lothar Friedrich, 1652 - 1675
Heinrich Hartard, 1711 - 1719
Damian Hugo, 1719 - 1743
Franz Christoph, 743 - 1770
August, 1770 - 1797
Stettin
Swedish Kings
Stolberg
The Stolberg Line
The Wernigerode Line
Stralsund
Suebian League
Sulz
Karl Ludwig II, 1617 - 1648
Teutonic Order
Coinage in Prussia
Coinage in Mergentheim
Thurn and Taxis
Anselm Franz, 1714 - 1739
Trier
Boemund, 1354 - 1362
Kuno, 1362 - 1388
Werner, 1388 - 1418
Otto, 1418 - 1430
Ulrich, 1430 - 1436
Rhabanus, 1436 - 1439
Jakob, 1439 - 1456
Johann II, 1456 - 1503
Jakob II, 1503 - 1511
Richard Greiffenklau, 1511 - 1531
Johann III, 1531 - 1540
Johann VI, 1556 - 1567
Jakob III, 1567 - 1581
Johann VII, 1581 - 1599
Lothard, 1599 - 1623
Philipp Christoph, 1623 - 1652
Karl Kaspar, 1652 - 1676
Johann Hugo, 1676 - 1711
Franz Ludwig, 1716 - 1729
Franz Ludwig, 1716 - 1729
Franz Georg, 1729 - 1756
Johann Philipp, 1756 - 1768
Clemens Wnezel, 1768 - 1803
Ulm
Waldeck
Christian and Wolrad IV, 1588 - 1640
Georg Friedrich, Johann and Heinrich Wolrad, 1645 - 1664
Karl August Friedrich, 1728 - 1763
Friedrich, 1763 - 1812
Wallmoden-Gimborn
Ludwig, died 1811
Werden and Helmstedt
Heinrich IV Duecker, 1646 - 1667
Westphalia
Hieronymus Napoleon, 1807 - 1813
Wied
Friedrich Alexander, 1737 - 1791
Wismar
Wolfstein
Christian Albrecht of Sulzburg, 1684 - 1740
Worms
City
Bishops
Wuerttemberg
Ulrich, 1498 - 1550
Austrian Occupation, 1519 - 1534
Christoph, 1550 - 1568
Ludwig, 1568 - 1593
Friedrich, 1593 - 1608
Johann Friedrich, 1608 - 1628
Eberhard III, 1628 - 1674
Friedrich Karl, 1677 - 1693
Eberhard Ludwig, 1693 - 1733
Karl Alexander, 1733 - 1737
Karl Rudolf, 1737 - 1738
Karl Friedrich, 1738 - 1744
Karl Eugen, 1744 - 1793
Ludwig Eugen, 1793 - 1795
Friedrich, 1795 - 1816
Wilhelm, 1816 - 1864
Wuerzburg
Bishops
Swedish Kings
German Colonies
German East Africa
German New Guinea
German Empire, 1871 - 1918
Anhalt
Friedrich I, 1871 - 1904
Friedrich II, 1904 - 1918
Baden
Friedrich I, 1852 - 1907
Friedrich II, 1907 - 1918
Bavaria
Ludwig II, 1864 - 1886
Otto, 1886 - 1913
Ludwig III, 1913 - 1918
Bremen
Brunswick (Braunschweig)
Hamburg
Hessen
Ludwig III, 1848 - 1877
Ludwig IV, 1877 - 1892
Ernst Ludwig, 1892 - 1918
Luebeck
Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Friedrich Franz II, 1843 - 1883
Friedrich Franz III, 1883 - 1897
Friedrich Franz IV, 1897 - 1918
Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Friedrich Wilhelm, 1860 - 1904
Adolf Friedrich, 1904 - 1914
Oldenburg
Nicolaus Friedrich Peter, 1853 - 1900
Prussia
Wilhelm I, 1861 - 1888
Friedrich III, 1888
Wilhelm II, 1888 - 1918
Reuss-Older Line
Heinrich XXII, 1859 - 1902
Reuss-Younger Line
Heinrich XIV, 1867 - 1913
Saxony
Johann, 1854 - 1873
Albert, 1873 - 1902
Georg, 1902 - 1904
Friedrich August III, 1904 - 1918
Saxony-Altenburg
Ernst, 1853 - 1908
Saxony-Coburg-Gotha
Ernst II, 1844 - 1893
Alfred, 1893 - 1900
Carl Eduard, 1900 - 1918
Saxony-Meiningen
Georg II, 1866 - 1914
Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach
Carl Alexander, 1853 - 1901
Wilhelm Ernst, 1901 - 1918
Schauburg-Lippe
Adolf Georg, 1860 - 1893
Georg, 1893 - 1911
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Guenther, 1890 - 1918
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Karl Guenther, 1880 - 1909
Waldeck-Pyrmont
Friedrich, 1893 - 1918
Wuerttemberg
Karl, 1864 - 1891
Wilhelm II, 1891 - 1918
Federal Republic, since 1948
Gibraltar
Elizabeth, since 1952
Great Britain
Anglo-Saxon Issues, 600 - 1066
Anonymous Issues, 600 - 750
Anglo-Merovingian Types
Roman Derivitaves
London and Derived Issues
Witmen Group and Derived Issues
York Group
Inscribed Regal Coinages
Miscellaneous Issues
Early Anglo Saxon, 600-775
Thrymsas
Sceattas
Kings of Northumbria
Archbishops of York
Middle Anglo Saxon, 780-973
Kings of Kent
Kings of Mercia
Kings of East Anglia
Archbishops of Canterbury
Viking Coinages, 885-954
Kings of Wessex
Beorhtric, 786-802
Ecgberht, 802-839
Aethelwulf, 839-858
Alfred the Great, 871-899
Edward the Elder, 899-924
Aethelstan, 924-939
Eadmund, 939-946
Eadred, 946-955
Eadgar, 959-975
Late Anglo Saxon, 973-1066
Edward the Martyr, 975-978
Aethelred II, 978-1016
Cnut, 1016-1035
Harold I, 1035-1040
Harthacnut, 1035-1042
Edward the Confessor, 1042-1066
Harold II, 1066
Norman Kings, 1066-1154
William I the Conqueror, 1066-1087
William II, 1087-1100
Henry I, 1100-1135
Stephen, 1135-1154
Civil War and the Anarchy
Kingdom, since 1154
House of Plantagenet, 1154 - 1399
Henry III, 1216 - 1272
Edward III, 1327 - 1377
Richard II, 1377 - 1399
House of Lancaster, 1399 - 1461, 1470 - 1471
Henry IV (Bolingbroke), 1399 - 1413
Henry V, 1413 - 1422
Henry VI, First Reign, 1422 - 1461
House of York, 1461 - 1470, 1471 - 1485
Edward IV, First Reign, 1461 - 1470
House of Lancaster, 1470 - 1471
Henry VI Restored, Oct. 1470 - April 1471
House of York, 1470 - 1485
Edward IV, Second Reign, 1471 - 1483
Edward IV or Edward V, 1483
Coins Attributable to Richard III, 1483
Richard III, 1483 - 1485
House of Tudor, 1485 - 1603
Henry VII, 1485 - 1509
Henry VIII, 1509 - 1547
Edward VI, 1547 - 1553
Mary, 1553 - 1554
Philip and Mary, 1553 - 1554
Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603
House of Stuart, 1603 - 1649, 1660 - 1714
James I, 1603 - 1625
Charles I, 1625 - 1649
Tower Mint Under Parliament, 1643 - 1648
Nicholas Briot's Milled Coinage
Civil War, Siege of Colchester
Civil War, Siege of Pontefract
The Commonwealth of England, 1649 - 1660
Oliver Cromwell, 1656 - 1660
Charles II, 1660 - 1662
James II, 1685 - 1688
William and Mary, 1688 - 1694
William III, 1694 - 1702
Anne, 1702 - 1714
House of Hanover, 1714 - 1901
George I, 1714 - 1727
George II, 1727 - 1760
George III, 1760 - 1820
George IV, 1820 - 1830
William IV, 1830 - 1837
Victoria, 1837 - 1901
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 1901-1910
Edward VII, 1902 - 1910
House of Windsor, since 1910
George V, 1910 - 1936
Edward VIII, 1936
George VI, 1936 - 1952
Elizabeth II, 1952 - 2022
Charles III, since 2023
Greece
Cities and Islands
Chios
Genoese Doges
Milanese Dukes
French Kings
Venetian Coinage
Fokia (Phocaea)
Dorino Gattilusio, 1400 - 1449
Mytilene
Lords
Kingdom
Otto, 1831 - 1863
Georg I, 1863 - 1913
George II, 1935 - 1947
Constantine II, 1964 - 1974
Republic, since 1974
Guernsey
Hungary
Kings
Stephan I, 997 - 1038
Karl Robert, 1307 - 1342
Ludwig I, 1342 - 1382
Maria, 1382 - 1387
Sigismund, 1387 - 1437
Albrecht of Habsburg, 1437 - 1439
Wladislaw I of Jagello, 1440 - 1444
Johann Hunyadi, 1446 - 1453
Ladislaus V, 1453 - 1457
Matthias Corvinus, 1458 - 1490
Wladislaw II of Jagello, 1490 - 1516
Ludwig II, 1516 - 1526
Johann Zapolya, 1526 - 1540
Ferdinand I, 1526 - 1564
Maximilian II, 1564 - 1576
Rudolf II, 1576 - 1608
Matthias II, 1608 - 1619
Ferdinand II, 1619 - 1637
Ferdinand III, 1637 - 1657
Leopold I, 1658 - 1705
Franz II Rakoczi, 1703 - 1711
Joseph I, 1705 - 1711
Karl III, 1711 - 1740
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
Franz I of Lorraine, 1746 - 1765
Joseph II, as co-Ruler, 1765 - 1780
Joseph II, as King, 1780 - 1790
Leopold II, 1790 - 1792
Franz II, period 1, 1792 - 1806
Franz II, second period, 1806 - 1835
Ferdinand V, 1835 - 1848
War for independance, 1848 - 1849
Franz Joseph I, 1848 - 1916
Karl IV, 1916 - 1918
Transylvania (Siebenbuergen)
Isabella and Johann II Sigismund, 1556 - 1559
Johann II Sigismund, 1559 - 1571
Stephan Bathori, 1571 - 1575
Christoph Bathori, 1576 - 1581
Elisabeth Bocskai, 1577
Sigismund Bathori, 1581 - 1602
Moses Szekely, 1602 - 1603
City of Nagyszeben - Hermannstadt, 1605
Stephan Bocskai, 1604 - 1606
Sigismund Rakoczi, 1607 - 1608
Gabriel Bathori, 1608 - 1613
Michael Weiss, 1612 - 1613
City of Brasso - Kronstadt, 1612 - 1615
Gabriel Bethlen, 1613 - 1629
Katharina Bethlen, 1629 - 1630
Stephan Behtlen, 1630
Georg I Rakoczi, 1630 - 1648
Georg II Rakoczi, 1648 - 1660
Achatius Barcsai, 1659 - 1660
Johann Kemeny, 1661 - 1662
Michael Apafi, 1661 - 1690
Emerich Thokoly, 1682 - 1690
Franz II Rakoczi, 1704 - 1711
Leopold I, 1691 - 1705
Joseph I, 1705 - 1711
Karl III, 1711 - 1740
Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
Karl Batthyani, 1764 - 1772
Ludwig Batthyani, 1787 - 1806
Nicolaus Joseph Esterhazy, 1762 - 1790
Kremnitz
Christian Hermann Roth, 1645 - 1690
Hermann Roth, 1690 - 1726
Jeremias Roth Senior, 1690 - 1751
Heinrich Fuchs, 1729 - 1751
Paul Gottlieb Nuernberger, 1709 - 1746
Georg Schuler, from 1709
Octavian Cochsel,1742 - 1750
Regency, 1919 - 1944
People's Republic, 1949 - 1989
Second Republic, since 1989
Iceland
Ireland
English Kings
Charles I, 1626 - 1649
Republic
Isle of Man
Elizabeth II, since 1952
Israel
Italy
French Rule, 1797 - 1814
Republic, 1797 - 1805
Kingdom, Napoleone, 1805 - 1814
Kingdom of Italy, 1861 - 1946
Vittorio (Victor) Emanuele II, 1861 - 1878
Umberto I, 1878 - 1900
Vittorio Emanuele III, 1900 - 1946
Italian States and Cities
Achaia
Florent of Hainaut, 1289 - 1297
Roberto d'Angio - Tarente, 1346 - 1364
Amadeo VI, Duke of Savoy, 1367 - 1383
Ludovico, Duke of Savoy, 1402 - 1418
Amalfi
Prince Guaimario V and Mansone IV, 1042
Autonomous, 1050 - 1100
Ruggero (Roger) Borsa I, 1085 - 1111
Gisulfo II, 1098
Duke Guglielmo I, 1111 - 1127
Count Ruggero II, 1105 - 1154
King Guglielmo II (the Good), 1166 - 1189
King Tancredi, 1189 - 1194
King Tancredi and Guglielmo, 1193
Emperor Enrico VI, 1194 - 1197
Queen Constanza and Frederico II, 1197 - 1198
Emperor Frederico II, 1198 - 1250
Ancona
Antignate
Giovanni Bentivoglio II, 1494 - 1509
Arquata
Giulio Spinola, 1681 - 1691
Gerardo Spinola, 1682 - 1694
Asti
Under French King
Under Dukes of Orleans
Bardi
Frederico Landi, 1590 - 1627
Barletta
Carlo I, 1266 - 1278
Belgiojoso
Antonio da Barbiano, 1769
Belmonte
Antonio Pignatelli
Benevello
Giovanni Antonio Falletti, 1520 - 1544
Beneventum
Anonymous Dukes, 569 - 706
Romualdo II, 706 - 731
Audelao, 731
Gregorio, 732 - 739
Godescalco, 739 - 742
Gisulf II, 742 - 751
Luitprando and Scauniperga, 751 - 755
Luitprando, 755 - 758
Interregnum, 758
Arichis II, Duke, 758 - 774
Arichis II, Prince, 774 - 787
Grimoald III, 788 - 806
Sico, 817 - 832
Sicardo, 832 - 839
Radelchis, 839 - 851
Bergamo
Charlemagne, 773 - 800
Bologno
Republic, 1376 - 1500
Governors
Bozzolo
Giulio Cesare Gonzaga, 1593 - 1609
Scipione Gonzaga, 1609 - 1670
Brescello
Alfonso II d'Este, 1570 - 1595
Brindisi
Frederico II, 1197 - 1250
Carlo I d'Angio, 1266 - 1278
Cagliari
Carlo V
Filippo V
Carlo III
Camerino
Giovanni Maria Varano, 1511 - 1527
Guilia Varano, 1527 - 1534
Guilia Varano and Guidobaldo II della Rovere, 1534 - 1539
Campi
Carlo Centurioni, 1654 - 1663
Giovanni Battista Centurioni, 1663 - 1715
Carmagnola
Luigi II di Saluzzo, 1475 - 1504
Michele Antonio di Saluzzo, 1504 - 1528
Francesco di Saluzzo, 1529-1537
Gabrielle di Saluzzo, 1537 - 1548
Casale
Guglielmo I Paleologo, 1464 - 1483
Guglielmo II Paleologo, 1494 - 1518
Bonifacio II Paleologo, 1518 - 1530
Gian Giorgio Paleologo, 1530 - 1533
Anonymous, 1500 - 1600
Carlo V of Spain, 1533 - 1536
Frederico II Gonzaga and Margherita Paleologo, 1536 - 1540
Francesco III Gonzaga and Margherita Paleologo, 1540 - 1550
Guglielmo Gonzaga and Margherita Paleologo, 1550 - 1566
Guglielmo III Gonzaga, 1566 - 1587
Vincenzo I Gonzaga, 1587 - 1312
Francesco IV Gonzaga, 1612 -1613
Ferdinando Gonzaga, 1613 - 1626
Vincenzo II Gonzaga, 1626 - 1627
Carlo I Gonzaga, 1627 - 1637
Carlo II Gonzaga, 1637 - 1655
Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, 1665 - 1708
Castel Seprio
Desiderio, 757 - 773
Charlemagne, 773 - 800
Castiglione delle Stiviere
Francesco Gonzaga, 1593 - 1616
Ferdinando Gonzaga, 1616 - 1678
Ferdinando II Gonzaga, 1680 - 1723
Castiglione dei Gatti
Ercole and Cornelio Pepoli, 1700
Alessandro and Sicinius Pepoli, 1703 - 1713
Castro
Pierluigi Farnese, 1545 - 1547
Chivasso
Teodoro I Paleologo, 1307 - 1338
Cispadane Republic
Cisterna
Giacomo dal Pozzo, 1667 - 1677
Correggio
Gilberto, Camillo and Fabrizio, 1569 - 1597
Camillo and Fabriozio, 1580 - 1597
Camillo, 1597 - 1605
Sirus, 1605 - 1630
Cortona
Lombardic Period, 600 - 800
Cremona
Francesco II Sforza, 1521 - 1535
Cuneo
Siege of 1641
Desana
Ludovico Tizzone II, 1510 - 1525
Pietro Berard, 1516 - 1529
Agostino Tizzone, 1559 - 1582
Delfino Tizzone, 1583 - 1598
Anton Maria Tizzone, 1598 - 1641
Carlo Giuseppe Francesco Tizzone, 1641 - 1676
Emilia
Vittorio Emanuele II, King Elect, 1859 - 1861
Ferrara
Lionel d'Este, 1441 - 1450
Borso d'Este, 1450 - 1471
Ercole I d'Este, 1471 - 1475
Alfonso I d'Este, 1505 - 1534
Ercole II d'Este, 1534 - 1559
Alfonso II d'Este, 1559 - 1597
Florence (Firenze)
Republic, 1189 - 1531
Tuscan Grand Dukes
Forli
Hieronymus Riario, 1480 - 1488
Frinco
Gaeta
Alfonso I, 1436 - 1458
Gazzoldo
Annibale Degli Ippoliti, 1632 - 1666
Genoa
Doges
French Kings, 1396 - 1528
The Biennal Doges, 1528 - 1797
The Republic (Ligurian), 1798- 1805
Gorizia
Enrico II, 1304 - 1323
Alberto IV, 1338 - 1374
Enrico III, 1338 - 1364
Mainardo, 1364 - 1385
Guastalla
Cesare I Gonzaga, 1557 - 1575
Ferrante II Gonzaga, 1575 - 1630
Gubbio
Francesco Maria I della Rovere, 1508 - 1538
Francesco Maria II della Rovere, 1574 - 1634
Ivrea
Desiderio, 756 - 774
Leghorn (Livorno)
Ferdinando II, 1621 - 1670
Cosimo III, 1670 - 1723
Loano
John Andrew II, 1622 - 1640
John Andrew III, 1654 - 1737
Lombardy
Lucca
Dukes
Republic, 1369 - 1799
Maccagno
Giacomo III Mandelli, 1618 - 1645
Manfredonia
Manfredi, 1258 - 1266
Mantua
Ludovico II Gonzaga, 1445 - 1478
Frederico I Gonzaga, 1478 - 1484
Francesco II Gonzaga, 1484 - 1519
Frederico II Gonzaga, 1519 - 1540
Francesco III Gonzaga, 1540 - 1550
Guglielmo Gonzaga, 1550 - 1587
Vincenzo I Gonzaga, 1587 - 1612
Francesco IV Gonzaga, 1612
Ferdinando Gonzaga, 1612 - 1626
Vincenzo II Gonzaga, 1626 - 1627
Carlo I Gonzaga, 1627 - 1637
Carlo II Gonzaga, 1637 - 1655
Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, 1665 - 1707
Massa di Lunigiana
Alberico Cybo Malaspina, 1559 - 1623
Carlo I Cybo Malaspina, 1623 - 1662
Massa-Lombardy
Francesco d'Este, 1562 - 1578
Messerano
Anonymous, 1492 - 1521
Ludovico II and Pier Luca II, 1521 - 1528
Ludovico II, 1528 - 1532
Pier Luca II, 1528 - 1548
Filiberto Ferrero, 1532 - 1559
Besso Ferrero, 1559 - 1584
Francesco Filiberto Ferrero, 1584 - 1629
Paolo Besso Ferrero, 1629 - 1667
Francesco Ludovico Ferrero, 1667 - 1685
Carlo Besso Ferrero, 1685 - 1690
Messina
Norman Kings
German and Anjou Kings
Spanish Kings
Milan
Desiderio, 757 - 773
Charlemagne, 774 - 814
First Republic, 1250 - 1310
Azzone Visconti, 1329 - 1339
Luchino and Giovanni Visconti, 1339 - 1349
Galeazzo II and Barnabo Visconti, 1354 - 1378
Galeazzo II Visconti, 1354 - 1378
Barnabo Visconti, 1354 - 1385
Gian Galeazzo Visconti, 1385 - 1402
Giovanni Maria Visconti, 1402 - 1412
Filippo Maria Visconti, 1412- 1447
Second Republic, 1447 - 1450
Francesco I Sforza, 1450 - 1466
Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1466 - 1476
Bona di Savoia and Giovanni Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1476 - 1481
Giovanni Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 1481
Giovanni Galeazzo Maria and Ludovico Maria Sforza, 1481 - 1494
Ludovico Maria Sforza, 1494 - 1500
Francesco II Sforza, 1522 - 1535
French Rulers
Spanish rulers
Austrian Rulers of Lombardy-Venetia
Mirandola
Gianfrancesco Pico, 1499 - 1533
Galeotto Pico II, 1533 - 1550
Ludovico Pico II, 1550 - 1568
Galeotto Pico III, 1568 - 1590
Alessandro Pico, 1602 - 1637
Modena
Ercole I d'Este, 1471 - 1505
Massimiliano I of Austria, 1513 - 1514
Alfonso I d'Este, 1505 - 1534
Ercole II d'Este, 1534 - 1559
Alfonso II d'Este, 1559 - 1597
Cesare d'Este, 1598 - 1628
Francesco I d'Este, 1629 - 1658
Alfonso IV d'Este, 1658 - 1662
Francesco II d'Este, 1662 - 1694
Montalcino
Sienese Rule, 1555 - 1559
Montanaro
Bonifacio Ferrero, 1529 - 1543
Sebastiano Ferrero, 1546 - 1547
Giovanni Battista, 1581 - 1582
Musso
Giovanni Giacomo de Medici, 1528 - 1530
Naples
Anjou Rulers
Aragon Rulers
French Rulers
Spanish Rulers
Bourbon Rulers
Novara
Pier Luigi Farnese, 1538 - 1547
Padua
Francesco I, 1355 - 1388
Palermo
Fatimid Caliphs
Kings
Parma and Piacenza
Republic, 1448 - 1449
Dukes
Passerano
Anonymous, 1581 - 1598
Pavia
Anonymous, 636 - 652
Aribert I, 652 - 661
Cunibert, 686 - 700
Luitbert, 700 - 701
Aribert II, 701 - 712
Luitbrand, 714 - 744
Rachis, 744 - 749
Astolf, 749 -756
Desiderio, 756 - 774
Charlemagne, 744 - 800
Filippo Maria, 1402 - 1412
Francesco I, 1447 - 1450
Siege of Pavia, 1524 - 1525
Perugia
Republic Romana, 1799
Pesaro
Gian Sforza, 1489 - 1510
Costanzo II Sforza, 1510 - 1512
Francesco Maria della Rovere, 1513 - 1538
Guidobaldo della Rovere, 1538 - 1574
Francesco Maria II della Rovere, 1574 - 1624
Piacenza
Desiderio, 756 - 774
Piombino
Nicolo Ludovisi, 1634 - 1665
Giovanni Battista Ludovisi, 1665 - 1699
Pisa
Kings
Republic
French Rulers
Tuscan Grand Dukes
Pistoia
Pombia
Desiderio, 756 - 774
Pomponesco
Giulio Cesare Gonzaga, 1583 - 1593
Porcia
Annibale Alfonso Emanuele, 1704
Ravenna
Astolf, 749 - 756
Reggio-Emilia
Ercole I d'Este, 1471 - 1505
Alfonso I d'Este, 1505 - 1534
Ercole II d'Este, 1534 - 1559
Alfonso II d'Este, 1559 - 1597
Retegno
Antonio Teodoro Trivulzio, 1676 - 1678
Antonio Gaetano Trivulzio, 1679 - 1705
Antonio Tolomeo Trivulzio, 1708 - 1767
Rifredi
Pisan Rule, 1363
Rome
Ronco
Napoleone Spinola, 1647 - 1672
Carlo Spinola
Sabbioneta
Vespasiano Gonzaga, 1562 - 1565
Luigi Carafa and Isabela Gonzaga, 1591 - 1637
Salerno
Siconolfo, 839 - 849
Gisulf I, 935 - 974
Guaimario IV, 999 - 1015
Gisulf II, 1052 - 1075
Roberto, 1059 - 1085
Ruggero II, 1127 - 1130
Guglielmo II, 1166 - 1189
Tancredi, 1189 - 1194
San Giorgio
John Dominic Milano, 1732
San Jacopo al Serchio
Florentine Rule, 1256
Sardinia (House of Savoy)
Amadeo VI, 1343 - 1383
Amadeo VII, 1383 - 1391
Amadeo VIII (Duke), 1391 - 1439
Ludovico I, 1434 - 1465
Amadeo IX, 1465 - 1472
Filiberto I, 1472 - 1482
Carlo I, 1482 - 1490
Filippo II, 1496 - 1497
Filiberto II, 1497 - 1504
Carlo II, 1504 - 1553
Emanuele Filiberto, 1538 - 1580
Carlo Emanuele I, 1580 - 1630
Vittorio Amadeo I, 1630 - 1637
Francesco Giacento, 1637 - 1638
Carlo Emanuele II, 1638 - 1675
Vittorio Amadeo II, 1675 - 1730
Carlo Emanuele III, 1730 - 1773
Vittorio Amadeo III, 1773 - 1796
Carlo Emanuele IV, 1796 - 1802
Vittorio Emanuele I, 1802 - 1821
Carlo Felice, 1821 - 1831
Carlo Alberto, 1831 - 1849
Vittorio Emanuelle II, 1849 - 1861
Savona
Savoy, House of
Sicily
Siena
Republic
Rulers
Solferino
Carlo Gonzaga, 1643 - 1678
Soragna
Nicolo Meli-Lupi, 1731 - 1741
Sub-Alpine Republic
Tassarolo
Agostino Spinola, 1604 - 1616
Filippo Spinola, 1616 - 1688
Trento
Pietro Vigilio, 1776 - 1796
Tresana
Guglielmo II, 1613 - 1651
Treviso
Desiderio, 757 - 773
Tuscany
Government
Urbino
Guidobaldo I, 1482 - 1508
Francesco Maria I, 1508 - 1538
Lorenzo, 1516 - 1519
Guidobaldo II, 1538 - 1574
Francesco Maria II, 1574 - 1624
Vasto
Cesare d'Avalos, 1704 - 1729
Venice
Ventimiglia
Vercelli
Desiderio, 757 - 773
Under Siege by Pietro of Toledo, 1617
Under Siege by Spain, 1638
Verona
Enrico II, 1013 - 1024
Massimiliano I, 1509 - 1516
Vicenza
Desiderio, 756 - 774
Republic, since 1948
Jersey
Elizabeth, since 1952
Latvia
Archbishops
William, 1554 - 1563
Polish Kings
Stephan Bathori, 1576 - 1586
Sigismund III, 1587 - 1632
Swedish Kings
Gustav II Adolf, 1611 - 1632
Christina, 1632 - 1654
Carl X, 1654 - 1660
Carl XI, 1660 - 1697
Carl XII, 1697 - 1718
Republic, since 1991
Liechtenstein
Karl, 1614 - 1627
Joseph Johann Adam, 1721 - 1732
Joseph Wenzel, 1748 - 1772
Franz Joseph I, 1772 - 1781
Johann II, 1858 - 1929
Franz I, 1929 -1938
Franz Joseph II, 1938 - 1989
Hans Adam II, since 1990
Lithuania
Polish Kings
Zygimantas Augustas, 1544 - 1572
Steponas Batoras, 1576 - 1586
Zigmantas Vaza, 1587 - 1632
Vladislovas Vaza, 1632 - 1648
Jonas Kazimieras, 1648 - 1668
Republic, since 1990
Livonia
Walter, 1495 - 1535
Hermann, 1535 - 1549
William, 1557 - 1559
Gotthard, 1559 - 1561
Luxembourg
Johan the Blind, 1310 - 1346
Charles IV, 1346 - 1353
Wenceslas I, 1353 - 1383
Wenceslas II, 1383 - 1419
Jean of Bavaria, 1419 - 1425
Philipp le Bon of Burgundy, 1442 - 1451
Philippe le Beau, 1482 - 1506
Philip IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
Jean, 1964 - 2000
Henri II, since 2000
Macedonia
Malta
Grand Masters
Philippe Villiers, 1521 - 1534
Pietrino del Ponte, 1534 - 1535
Juan de Homedes, 1536 - 1553
Jean de la Valette, 1557 - 1568
Pietro del Monte, 1568 - 1572
Jean Levesque de la Cassiere, 1572 - 1581
Hugues Loubenx de Verdala, 1582 - 1595
Martin de Garzes, 1595 1601
Alof de Wignacourt, 1601 - 1622
Luis Mendez de Vasconcelos, 1622 - 1623
Antoine de Paule, 1623 - 1636
Jean-Paul Lascaris Castellar, 1636 - 1657
Gregorio Carafa, 1680 - 1690
Adrien de Wignacourt, 1690 - 1697
Ramon Perellos Y Roccaful, 1697 - 1720
Marcantonio Zondari, 1720 - 1722
Antonio Manoel de Vilhena, 1722 - 1736
Emmanuel Pinto, 1741 - 1773
Francesco Ximinez de Texada, 1773 - 1775
Emmanuel de Rohan, 1775 - 1797
The Siege of Malta, 1798 - 1800
British Sovereigns
Elizabeth, 1952 - 1974
Republic, since 1974
Sovereign Military Order
Sede Vacante, 1952 - 1962
Angelus de Mojana, 1962 - 1988
Sede Vacante, 1988
Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie, 1988 - 2008
Moldavia
Moldova
Monaco
Luciano, 1505 - 1523
Honore II, 1604 - 1662
Louis I, 1662 - 1701
Honore V, 1819 - 1841
Charles III, 1856 - 1889
Albert, 1889 - 1922
Louis II, 1922 - 1949
Rainier III, 1949 - 2005
Montenegro
Nicholas I, 1860 - 1918
Netherlands
Feudal States and Cities
Baar
Walram van Meurs, 1417 - 1456
Batenburg
Dirk II van Bronckhorst, 1432 - 1456
Gijsbert IV, 1516 - 1525
Willem van Bronckhorst, 1556 - 1573
Herman Dirk, 1573 - 1602
Anonymous issue
Born
Walram van Valkenburg, 1356 - 1378
Deventer
Deventer-Kampen-Zwolle
Duurstede
Franeker
Friesland
George & Hendrik van Saksen, 1500 - 1504
George van Saksen, 1504 - 1515
Gelderland
Reinoud III, 1343 - 1361
Eduard, 1361 - 1371
Mechteld, 1371 - 1379
Maria van Brabant, 1361 - 1399
Willem I van Gulik, 1377 - 1402
Reinund IV, 1394 - 1423
Arnold van Egmond, 1423 - 1473
Karel de Stoute, 1473 - 1477
Karel van Egmond, 1477 - 1480
Philips de Schone, 1482 - 1492
Karel van Egmond, 1492 - 1538
Karel V, 1543 - 1555
Philips II, 1555 - 1576
Gorinchem
Groningen
Gronsfeld
Henri de Bronckhorst, 1451 - 1485
Thierry II de Bronckhorst, 1493 - 1508
Jean de Brockhorst, 1508 - 1558
Justus Maximilian, 1617 - 1667
S-Heerenberg
Oswald II, 1511 - 1546
Willem IV van der Bergh, 1546 - 1586
Frederik van den Bergh, 1577 - 1580
Hermann Frederik van den Bergh, 1627 - 1631
Heid and Blijt
Gothard van Bongart, 1342 - 1373
Holland
Willem V van Beieren, 1350 - 1389
Albrecht van Beieren, 1389 - 1404
Willem VI van Beieren, 1404 - 1417
Jan van Bieren, 1421 - 1425
Philips de Goede of Burgundy, 1425 - 1428
Philips de Goede & Jacoba van Beieren, 1428 - 1433
Philips de Goede, 1433 - 1467
Maria van Burgondie, 1477 - 1482
Maximilian & Philips de Schone, 1482 - 1494
Philips de Schone, 1496 - 1506
Karel V, 1506 - 1555
Philips II, 1555 - 1581
Kampen
Megen
Maria of Brimeu, 1572 - 1580
Middelburg
Nijmegen
Overijssel
Karel V, 1515 - 1555
Philips II, 1555 - 1581
Oyen
Schoonvorst
Jan IV van Heinsberg, 1395 - 1438
Thorn
Marguerite IV of Brederode, 1557 - 1577
Utrecht
Bishopric, 1010 - 1528
Feudal coinage
Valkenburg (Fauquemont)
Reinhard van Schoonvorst, 1354 - 1356
Frederick IV van Moers-Saarwerden, 1417 - 1448
Vianen
Hendrik van Brederode, 1556 - 1568
Zwolle
United Provinces, 1581 - 1795
Friesland
Gelderland
Groningen
Holland
Overijssel
Utrecht
West-Friesland
Zeeland
Batavian Republic
Kingdom of Holland, 1806 - 1810
Lodwijk Napoleon, 1806 - 1810
Kingdom of the Netherlands, since 1815
Willem I, 1815 - 1840
Willem II, 1840 - 1849
Willem III, 1849 - 1890
Wilhelmina, 1890 - 1948
Juliana, 1948 - 1980
Beatrix, since 1980
Norway
Danish Kings, 1387 - 1815
Hans, 1483 - 1513
Frederik III, 1648 - 1670
Christian V, 1670 - 1699
Swedish Kings
Oscar II, 1872 - 1905
Independent Kings, since 1905
Haakon VII, 1905 - 1957
Olav V, 1957 - 1991
Harald V, since 1991
Poland
Cities
Danzig (Gdansk)
Polish Kings
Free City
Elbing
Swedish Kings
Polish Kings
Gnesen
Stanislaus Szembek, 1706 - 1721
Krakau
Cajetan Soltyk, 1759 - 1782
Thorn
Sigismund III, 1587 - 1632
Ladislav IV, 1632 -1648
John Casimir, 1648 - 1668
Michael Korybut, 1669 - 1673
August II of Saxony, 1697 - 1733
Warsaw
Frederci August
Kingdom of Poland
Ladislas Lokietek, 1306 - 1333
Sigismund I, 1506 - 1548
Stephan Bathori, 1576 - 1586
Sigismund III, 1587 - 1632
Ladislav IV, 1633 - 1648
John Casimir, 1648 - 1668
Michael Korybut, 1669 - 1673
John III Sobieski, 1674 - 1696
August II and Augst III, 1697 - 1763
Stanislas August, 1764 - 1795
Russian Czars
Alexander I, 1815 - 1825
Nicholas I, 1825 - 1855
Revolutiom, 1830 - 1831
Republic
Portugal
Kings
The Alfonsine Dynasty, 1128 - 1383
Sancho I, 1185 - 1211
Alfonso II, 1211 - 1223
Sancho II, 1223 - 1248
Alfonso III, 1248 - 1279
Pedro I, 1357 - 1367
Fernando, 1367 - 1383
Dynasty of Avis, 1385 - 1580
Duarte I, 1433 - 1438
Afonso V, 1438 - 1481
Joao II, 1481 - 1495
Manuel I, 1495 - 1521
Sebastiao, 1557 - 1578
Henrique I, 1578 -1580
Governadores, 1580
Antonio I, 1580 - 1583
Dynasty of the Philipes, 1580 - 1640
Filipe I, 1580 - 1598
Filipe II, 1598 - 1621
Filipe III, 1621 - 1640
The Braganca Dynasty, 1640 - 1910
Joao IV, 1640 - 1656
Afonso VI, 1656 - 1667
Pedro as Prince Regent, 1667 - 1683
Pedro II, 1683 - 1706
Joao V, 1706 - 1750
Jose I, 1750 - 1777
Maria I and Pedro III, 1777 - 1786
Maria I, 1786 - 1799
Joao as Prince Regent, 1799 - 1816
Joao VI, 1816 - 1826
Pedro IV, 1826 - 1828
Miguel I, 1828 - 1834
Maria II, 1834 - 1853
Pedro V, 1853 - 1861
Luis I, 1861 - 1889
Carlos I, 1889 - 1908
Republic, 1910 - 1974
Second Republic, since 1974
Rhodes
Dieudonne de Gozon, 1346 - 1353
Pierre de Cornillan, 1354 - 1355
Anton Fluvian, 1421 - 1437
Jacques de Milly, 1454 - 1461
Pedro-Raymondo Zacosta, 1461 - 1467
Giovanni Battista Degli Orsini, 1467 - 1476
Pierre d'Aubusson, 1476 - 1503
Emery d'Amboise, 1503 - 1512
Fabrizio del Carretto, 1513 - 1521
Philippe Villiers, 1521 - 1522
Romania
Kingdom
Carol I, 1866 - 1914
Ferdinand I, 1914 - 1927
Carol II, 1930 - 1940
Michael I, 1940 - 1947
Republic, since 1948
Russia
Grand Dukes
Vadimir, Grand Duke of Kiev, 978 - 1015
Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow, 1462 - 1505
Czars
Ivan IV, The Terrible, 1533 - 1584
Feodore, 1584 - 1598
Boris Godunov, 1598 - 1605
Dmitry, Pretender, 1604 - 1606
Vasily Shuisky, 1606 - 1610
Wladislav, 1610 - 1612
Michael, 1613 - 1645
Alexei Michaelovitch, 1645 - 1676
Feodore Alexeivitch, 1676 - 1682
Peter I and Ivan V with Sophia as Regent, 1682 - 1689
Ivan II, co-czar with Peter I, 1682 - 1696
Peter I, The Great, 1682 - 1725
Catherine I, 1725 - 1727
Peter II, 1727 - 1730
Anne 1730 - 1740
Elizabeth, 1741 - 1762
Peter III, 1762
Catherine II, The Great, 1762 - 1796
Paul I, 1796 - 1801
Alexander I, 1801 - 1825
Nicholas I, 1825 - 1855
Alexander II, 1855 - 1881
Alexander III, 1881 - 1894
Nicholas II, 1894 - 1917
Soviet Union (USSR), 1917 - 1991
Russian Republic, since 1992
San Marino
Scotland
David II, 1329 - 1371
Robert III, 1390 - 1406
James I, 1406 - 1437
James II, 1437 - 1460
James III, 1460 - 1488
James IV, 1488 - 1513
James V, 1513 - 1542
Mary, 1542 - 1567
James VI, 1567 - 1625
Charles I, 1625 - 1649
William II, 1694 - 1702
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Cities and Kingdoms
Aragon
Sancho Ramirez, 1063 - 1094
Pedro IV, 1336 - 1387
Juan I, 1387 - 1395
Martin I, 1395 - 1410
Fernando I, 1412 - 1416
Alfonso V, 1416 - 1458
Juan II, 1458 - 1479
Fernado II and Isabel, 1479 - 1504
Fernando II (Fernando V of Spain), 1479 - 1516
Carlos and Juana, 1516 - 1555
Barcelona
Catalonia
Ramon Berenguer I, 1018 - 1035
Enrique (Henry) of Castille, 1462 - 1464
Pedro of Portugal, 1464 - 1466
Renato (Rene) of Anjou, 1466 - 1472
Juan II, 1458 - 1479
Fernando II (Fernando V of Spain), 1479 - 1516
Carlos and Juana, 1516 - 1555
Carlos I, 1516 - 1556
Felipe II, 1556 - 1598
Felipe III, 1598 - 1621
Felipe IV, 1621 - 1665
Louis XIII of France (Count of Barcelona), 1641 - 1643
Catalan Union Privative Issue, 1900
Leon
Fernando II, 1157 - 1188
Alfonso IX, 1188 - 1230
Mallorca
James II of Mallorca, 1276 - 1289, 1298 - 1311
Sancho, 1311 - 1324
Jaime III, 1324 - 1344
Pedro I (Pedro IV of Aragon), 1343 - 1387
Fernando II (Fernando V of Spain), 1479 - 1516
Carlos I, 1516 - 1556
Felipe II, 1556 - 1598
Felipe III, 1598 - 1621
Felipe IV, 1621 - 1665
Carlos II, 1665 - 1700
Felipe V, 1700 - 1746
Carlos III, 1700 - 1724
Navarre
Valencia
Fernando I, 1412 - 1416
Alfonso IV (Alfonso V of Aragon), 1416 - 1458
Juan II, 1458 - 1479
Fernado II and Isabel, 1479 - 1504
Fernando II (Fernando V of Spain), 1504 - 1516
Carlos I, 1517 - 1556
Felipe II, 1556 - 1598
Felipe IV, 1621 - 1665
Carlos II, 1665 - 1700
The Houses of Castile and Leon
Alfonso VIII, 1158 - 1214
Enrique (Henry) I, 1214 - 1217
Fernando III, 1217 - 1252
Alfonso X, 1252 - 1284
Sancho IV, 1284 - 1295
Fernando IV, 1295 - 1312
Alfonso XI, 1312 - 1350
Pedro I, 1350 - 1369
Enrique II, 1368 - 1379
Enrique III, 1390 - 1406
Juan II, 1406 - 1454
Enrique IV, 1454 - 1474
Alfonso de Avila (Pretender), 1465 - 1468
Alfonso V of Portugal (Pretender), 1475 - 1479
Fernando V and Isabel I, 1476 - 1516
Carlos I and Juana, 1516 - 1556
Felipe II, 1556 - 1598
Felipe III, 1598 - 1621
Felipe IV, 1621 - 1665
Carlos II, 1665 - 1700
Felipe V, 1700 - 1746
Luis I, 1724
Fernando VI, 1746 - 1759
Carlos III, 1759 - 1788
Carlos IV, 1788 - 1808
Jose Napoleon Bonaparte, 1808 - 1814
Fernando VII, 1808 - 1833
Isabel II, 1833 - 1868
Provisional Government, 1870
Amadeo I, 1871 - 1873
Alfonso XII, 1874 - 1885
Alfonso XIII, 1886 - 1931
Juan Carlos I, since 1975
Sweden
Erik XIV, 1560 - 1568
Johan III, 1568 - 1592
Karl IX, 1560 - 1611
Gustav II Adolf, 1611 - 1632
Kristina, 1632 - 1654
Karl X Gustav, 1654 - 1660
Karl XI, 1660 - 1697
Karl XII, 1697 - 1718
Ulrika Eleonora, 1719 - 1720
Frederik I, 1720 - 1751
Adolf Frederik, 1751 - 1771
Gustav III, 1771 - 1792
Gustav IV Adolf, 1792 - 1809
Karl XIII, 1809 - 1818
Karl XIV Johan, 1818 - 1844
Oskar I, 1844 - 1859
Karl XV, 1859 - 1872
Oskar II, 1872 - 1907
Gustav V, 1907 - 1950
Carl XVI Gustaf, since 1973
Switzerland
Argovia (Aargau)
Laufenburg
Muri Abbei
Placidius von Zurlauben, 1684 - 1723
Zofingen
Canton
Appenzell-Ausserrhoden
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Basel
Carolingian coinage
Kings of Burgundy
Bishopric
City
Canton
Franquemont
Berne
City
Canton
Fribourg
City
Canton
Gruyere (Greyerz)
Geneva
Carolingian Coinage
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County
Dukes of Savoy
City
French Rule
Canton
Glarus
Grisons (Graubuenden)
Chur
Carolingian Coinage
Bishops
City
Disentis
Gotteshausbund
Haldenstein
Mesocco (Misox)
Reichenau
Tarasp
Canton
Lucerne
City
Canton
Neuchatel
County
Kings of Prussia
Nidwalden
Canton
Obwalden
Canton
St. Gallen
Abbots
City
Canton
Counts of Toggenburg
Schaffhausen
City
Canton
Stein am Rhein
Solothurn
Carolingian Coinage
Dukes of Burgundy
City
Cantons
Thurgau
Canton
Fischingen
Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden
Uri and Nidwalden
Uri
Canton
Waadt
Bishopric Lausanne
Barons
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Orbe-Tabernis
Dukes of Savoy
Wallis
St Maurice d'Agaune
Sion
Republic
Zug
City
Canton
Zurich
Fraumuenster Abbey
City
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Rheinau Abbey
Helvetic Republic
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Shooting Talers and Medals
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Ragusa (Dubrovnik)
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Alexander I, 1921 - 1934
Republic, 1946 - 2003
Crusader
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