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Andorra
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- Archduke Karl V, 1519 - 1521, 1523 - 1556
- Ferdinand I, 1521 - 1564
- Maximilian II, 1564 - 1576
- Archduke Karl, 1564 - 1590
- Archduke Ferdinand, 1564 - 1595
- Rudolf II, 1576 - 1612
- Matthias II, 1612 - 1619
- Archduke Maximilian, 1612 -1618
- Ferdinand II as Archduke, 1592 - 1618
- Ferdinand II, 1618 - 1637
- Interregnum in the Tyrol, 1618 - 1619
- Friedrich V of Palatinate, 1619 - 1620
- Archduke Leopold, 1619 - 1632
- Ferdinand III, 1627 - 1657
- Protestant Assembly of Silesia, 1633 - 1635
- Archduke Ferdinand Karl, 1632 - 1662
- Ferdinand IV, 1646 - 1654
- Archduke Sigismund Franz, 1662 - 1665
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- Josef I, 1705 - 1711
- Karl VI, 1711 - 1740
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- Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
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- Philippe de St Pol, 1427 - 1430
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- François d'Alençon, Duke of Anjou, 1581 - 1584
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- Brussels under Siege by Alexander Farnese, 1584 - 1585
- Philippe II of Spain, 1585 - 1598
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- Philippe IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
- Charles II of Spain, 1665 - 1700
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- Charles III as Pretender King of Spain, 1703 - 1711
- Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1711 - 1740
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- Jean sans peur, 1404 - 1419
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- Marie of Burgundy, 1477 - 1482
- Philippe Le Beau, 1482 - 1506
- Charles V, 1515 - 1555
- Philip II of Spain, 1555 - 1598
- States General, 1576 - 1581
- Independant States of Flanders in Rebellion, 1583 - 1584
- Philip II of Spain, 1585 - 1598
- Albert and Isabella of Spain, 1598 - 1621
- Philippe IV of Spain, 1621 - 1665
- Charles II of Spain, 1665 - 1700
- Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
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- Arnould De Horn, 1378 - 1389
- Jean of Bavaria, 1389 - 1418
- Jean of Heinsberg, 1419 - 1455
- Louis de Bourbon, 1456 - 1482
- Jean of Hoorn, 1484 - 1505
- Erard De La Marck, 1506 - 1538
- Corneille of Berghes, 1538 - 1544
- George of Austria, 1544 - 1557
- Gerhard of Groesbeck, 1564 - 1580
- Ernest of Bavaria, 1581 - 1612
- Ferdinand of Bavaria, 1612 - 1650
- Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, 1650 - 1688
- Sede Vacante, 1688
- Jean Louis D'Elderen, 1688 - 1694
- Sede Vacante, 1694
- Joseph Clement of Bavaria, 1694 - 1723
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- Jean Theodore of Bavaria, 1744 - 1763
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- Matthias II, 1612 - 1619
- Friedrich V, 1619 - 1620
- National Assembly of Bohemia & Moravia, 1619 - 1620
- National Assembly of Moravia & Silesia, 1621
- Ferdinand II, 1619 - 1637
- Ferdinand III, 1637 - 1657
- Karl VI, 1711 - 1740
- Maria Theresia, 1740 - 1780
- Feudal States and Cities
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- Leopold Wilhelm, 1637 - 1662
- Karl II von Liechtenstein-Castelcorn, 1664 - 1695
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- Urbain V (Guillaume de Grisac), 1362 - 1370
- Grégoire XI (Pierre Roger de Beaufort), 1370 - 1378
- Clement VII (Robert de Geneve), 1378 - 1394
- Benoit XIII, 1394 - 1409
- Jean XXIII (Balthazar Cosa), 1410 - 1415
- Martin V (Oddone Colonna), 1417 - 1431
- Calixte (Callisto) III, 1455 - 1458
- Sixte IV (Francesco della Rovere), 1471 - 1484
- Innocente VIII (Giovanni Battista Cibo), 1484 - 1492
- Jules II (Giuliano della Rovere), 1503 - 1513
- Jules III (Giovanni Maria de monte), 1550 - 1555
- Pie (pius) V (Gianangelo de Medici), 1559 - 1565
- St. Pie V (Antonio Ghislieri), 1566 - 1572
- Gregoire XIII (Ugo Buoncampagni), 1572 - 1585
- Clement VIII (Ippoliti Aldobandini), 1592 - 1605
- Paul V (Camillo Borghese), 1605 -1621
- Gregoire XV (Alessandro Ludovisi), 1621 - 1623
- Urbain VIII (Maffeo Barberini), 1623 - 1644
- Innocente X (Giovanni Battista Pamfili), 1644 - 1655
- Alexandre VII (Fabio Chigi), 1655 - 1667
- Bar
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- Gui (Guy) IV de Ventadour, 1342 - 1349
- Pierre (Peter) IV d'Andre, 1349 - 1368
- Robert de Geneve, 1368 - 1371
- Gerard III de Dainville, 1371 - 1378
- Maximilien de Berghes, Bishop 1556 - 1559
- Maximilien de Berghes, Archbishop 1559 - 1570
- Louis de Berlaimont, Archbishop 1570 - 1596
- Interregnum, 1349
- Interregnum, 1368
- Chateau-Renaud
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- Jean II de Bourbon, 1459 - 1488
- Pierre II, Duc de Bourbon & Comte de Clermont, 1482 - 1503
- Louis II de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier, 1560 - 1582
- François II de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier, 1582 - 1592
- Marie de Montpensier, 1608 - 1626
- Gaston d'Orleans & Marie de Montpensier, 1626 - 1627
- Gaston d'Orleans, 1627 - 1650
- Anne Marie Louise d'Orleans, 1650 - 1693
- Evreux
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- Jean I, 1348 - 1389
- Rene II de Vaudemont-Anjou, 1473 - 1508
- Antoine (Anthony) (le Bon), 1508 - 1544
- Charles III, 1545 - 1608
- Henri II (le Bon), 1608 - 1624
- Charles and Nicole (Nicholas), 1624 - 1625
- Charles IV, 1626 - 1634, 1638 - 1639, 1661 - 1675
- Leopold I, 1690 - 1729
- François III Stephan, 1729 - 1736
- Metz
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- Charles II (Carlos 2, le Mauvais), Conte d'Evreux, 1349 - 1387
- Jean II (King Juan II of Aragon), 1441 - 1479
- François Phebus de Foix, 1479 - 1483
- Catherine de Foix & Jean d'Albret, 1483 - 1512
- Ferdinand II d'Aragon, 1512 - 1516
- Henri II d'Albret, 1516 - 1555
- Jeanne III d'Albret, 1562 - 1572
- Henri II de Bearn, 1572 - 1610
- Nice
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- Raymond III, 1335 - 1340 & Raymond IV, 1340 - 1393
- Jean II de Chalon, 1475 - 1502
- Philippe Guillaume ( Philip William) de Nassau, 1584 - 1618
- Maurice de Nassau, 1618 - 1625
- Frederic Henri de Nassau, 1625 - 1647
- Guillaume (William) IX de Nassau, 1647 - 1650
- Guillaume Henri (William Henry) de Nassau, 1650 - 1702
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- Albrecht V, 1550 - 1579
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- Maximilian I, 1598 - 1651
- Ferdinand Maria, 1651 - 1679
- Maximilian II Emanuel, 1679 - 1726
- Karl Albert, 1726 - 1744
- Maximilian III Joseph, 1745 - 1777
- Karl Theodor von Pfalz-Birkenfeld, 1777 - 1799
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- Ludwig II, 1864 - 1886
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- Albrecht Achilles, 1464 - 1486
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- Friedrich, 1495 - 1515
- Casimir & Georg, 1515 - 1527
- Georg, 1527 - 1536
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- Albrecht Alcibiades, 1527 - 1554
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- August, 1610 - 1636
- Friedrich, 1636 - 1648
- Georg of Calenberg, 1635 - 1641
- Christian Ludwig of Celle, 1646 - 1665
- Georg Wilhelm of Celle, 1665 - 1705
- Johann Friedrich of Calenberg, 1665 - 1679
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- George III of England, 1760 - 1820
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- Julius, 1568 - 1589
- Friedrich Ulrich, 1613 - 1634
- Christian of Halberstadt, 1616 - 1626
- August, 1635 - 1666
- Rudolf August, 1666 - 1704
- Rudolf August and Anton Ulric, 1685 - 1704
- Anton Ulrich, 17
- Elisabeth Juliana, 1656 - 1704
- Ferdianand Albrecht I, died 1687
- Ludwig Rudolf, 1714 - 1735
- August Wilhelm, 1714 - 1731
- Ferdinand Albrecht II, 1735
- Elizabeth Christina, 1733 - 1797
- karl I, 1735 - 1780
- Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, 1780 - 1806
- Friedrich Wilhelm, 1806 - 1815
- Karl II, 1815 - 1830
- Wilhelm, 1831 - 1884
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- East Frisia (Ostfriesland)
- Udo, 1421 - 1433
- Ulrich and Edzard, 1441 - 1466
- Ulrich, 1441 - 1448
- Enno I, 1483 - 1491
- Edzard II, 1491 - 1528
- Edzard II, Christoph and Johann, 1566 - 1591
- Edzard II and Johann, 1566 - 1591
- Edzard III, 1591 - 1599
- Enno III, 1599 - 1625
- Georg Christian, 1660 - 1665
- Christian Eberhard, 1690 - 1708
- Georg Albrecht, 1708 - 1734
- Karl Edzard, 1734 - 1744
- Eichstaett
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- Wilhelm II, 1493 - 1509
- Wilhelm I and Philipp
- Philipp, 1509 - 1567
- Moritz, 1592 - 1632
- Wilhelm V, 1627 - 1637
- Amalia Elisabeth, died 1651
- Wilhelm VI, 1638 - 1663
- Hedwig Sophia, 1663 - 1677
- Elisabeth Henrietta, died 1683
- Wilhelm VII, 1663 - 1670
- Karl, 1670 - 1730
- FriedrichI, 1730 - 1751
- Wilhelm VIII, 1751 - 1760
- Friedrich II, 1760 - 1785
- Georg Wilhelm
- Wilhelm IX, 1785 - 1821
- Wilhelm II, 1821 - 1831
- Wilhelm II and Friedrich Wilhelm, 1831 - 1847
- Friedrich Wilhelm I, 1847 - 1866
- Swedish Kings
- Hessen-Marburg
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- Hohenlohe
- Joint counts, 1594 - 1610
- Anonymous
- Georg Friedrich of Neuenstein, 1610 - 1645
- Ludwig Gustav of Waldenburg, 1656 - 1697
- Wolfgang Julius of Neuenstein, 1676 - 1698
- Johann Friedrich I of Ohringen, 1676 - 1702
- Wolfgang Julius of Neuenstein, 1676 - 1698
- Karl Louis of Weickersheim, 1708 - 1756
- Johann Friedrich II of Ohringen, 1708 - 1765
- Karl Philipp of Neuenstein, 1733 - 1763
- Philipp Ernst of Schillingsfuerst, 1697 - 1753
- Ludwig Gottfried of Pfledelbach, 1685 - 1728
- Joseph Anton of Pfledelbach, 1745 - 1764
- Ludwig of Langenburg, 1715 - 1765
- Karl Albrecht of Schillingsfuerst, 1750 - 1793
- Ludwig Friedrich Karl of Ohringen, 1765 - 1805
- Friedrich Ludwig of Ingelfingen, 1796 - 1806
- Hohenzollern-Hechingen
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- Noerdlingen
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- Palatine (Pfalz)
- Ruprecht I, 1353 - 1390
- Ruprecht II, 1390 - 1398
- Ruprecht III, 1398 - 1410
- Ludwig III, 1410 - 1436
- Ludwig IV, 1436 - 1449
- Friedrich I, 1449 - 1476
- Philipp, 1449 - 1508
- Ludwig V, 1508 - 1544
- Otto Heinrich and Philipp, 1505 - 1556
- Friedrich II, 1508 - 1566
- Friedrich III, 1557 - 1576
- Ludwig VI, 1576 - 1592
- Friedrich IV, 1592 - 1610
- Friedrich V, 1610 - 1632
- Karl Ludwig, 1648 - 1680
- Karl, 1680 - 1685
- Johann Wilhelm, 1690 - 1716
- Karl Philipp, 1710 - 1742
- Karl Theodor, 1743 - 1799
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- Pappenheim
- Passau
- Wiguleus Froeschl von der Pfalz, 1500 - 1517
- Ernst von Bayern, 1517 - 1540
- Urban von Trennbach, 1561 - 1598
- Sebastian von Thun, 1673 - 1689
- Johann Philipp von Lamberg, 1689 - 1712
- Raymund Ferdinand von Rabatta, 1713 - 1722
- Joseph Domenicus von Lamberg, 1723 - 1761
- Leopold Ernst von Firmian, 1763 - 1783
- Pommeria
- Prussia
- Quedlinburg
- Rantzau
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- Regensburg (Ratisbon)
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- Salm-Dhaun
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- Saxony-Coburg-Gotha
- Saxony-Eisenach
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- Saxony-Gotha
- Saxony-Gotha-Altenburg
- Saxony-Hildburghausen
- Saxony-Jena
- Saxony-Lauenburg
- Saxony-Meiningen
- Saxony-Roemhild
- Saxony-Saalfeld
- Saxony-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Saxony-Weimar
- Saxony-Weissenfels
- Sayn
- Sayn-Berleburg
- Sayn-Wittgenstein
- Schaumburg
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schleswig-Holstein
- Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg
- Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
- Schleswig-Holstein-Plön
- Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
- Schwarzburg
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Schweinfurt
- Silesia (Schlesien)
- Silesia-Jaegerndorf
- Silesia-Liegnitz-Brieg
- Silesia-Muensterberg
- Silesia-Muensterberg-Oels
- Silesia-Schweidnitz
- Silesia-Teschen
- Silesia-Troppau
- Silesia-Wuerttemberg-Oels
- Sinzendorf
- Solms-Laubach
- Solms-Lich
- Solms-Roedelheim
- Speyer
- Stettin
- Stolberg
- Stralsund
- Suebian League
- Sulz
- Teutonic Order
- Thurn and Taxis
- Trier
- Boemund, 1354 - 1362
- Kuno, 1362 - 1388
- Werner, 1388 - 1418
- Otto, 1418 - 1430
- Ulrich, 1430 - 1436
- Rhabanus, 1436 - 1439
- Jakob, 1439 - 1456
- Johann II, 1456 - 1503
- Jakob II, 1503 - 1511
- Richard Greiffenklau, 1511 - 1531
- Johann III, 1531 - 1540
- Johann VI, 1556 - 1567
- Jakob III, 1567 - 1581
- Johann VII, 1581 - 1599
- Lothard, 1599 - 1623
- Philipp Christoph, 1623 - 1652
- Karl Kaspar, 1652 - 1676
- Johann Hugo, 1676 - 1711
- Franz Ludwig, 1716 - 1729
- Franz Ludwig, 1716 - 1729
- Franz Georg, 1729 - 1756
- Johann Philipp, 1756 - 1768
- Clemens Wnezel, 1768 - 1803
- Ulm
- Waldeck
- Wallmoden-Gimborn
- Werden and Helmstedt
- Westphalia
- Wied
- Wismar
- Wolfstein
- Worms
- Wuerttemberg
- Ulrich, 1498 - 1550
- Austrian Occupation, 1519 - 1534
- Christoph, 1550 - 1568
- Ludwig, 1568 - 1593
- Friedrich, 1593 - 1608
- Johann Friedrich, 1608 - 1628
- Eberhard III, 1628 - 1674
- Friedrich Karl, 1677 - 1693
- Eberhard Ludwig, 1693 - 1733
- Karl Alexander, 1733 - 1737
- Karl Rudolf, 1737 - 1738
- Karl Friedrich, 1738 - 1744
- Karl Eugen, 1744 - 1793
- Ludwig Eugen, 1793 - 1795
- Friedrich, 1795 - 1816
- Wilhelm, 1816 - 1864
- Wuerzburg
- German Colonies
- German Empire, 1871 - 1918
- Anhalt
- Baden
- Bavaria
- Bremen
- Brunswick (Braunschweig)
- Hamburg
- Hessen
- Luebeck
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- Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Oldenburg
- Prussia
- Reuss-Older Line
- Reuss-Younger Line
- Saxony
- Saxony-Altenburg
- Saxony-Coburg-Gotha
- Saxony-Meiningen
- Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach
- Schauburg-Lippe
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- German States and Cities
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- Great Britain
- Anglo-Saxon Issues, 600 - 1066
- Kingdom, since 1154
- House of Plantagenet, 1154 - 1399
- House of Lancaster, 1399 - 1461, 1470 - 1471
- House of York, 1461 - 1470, 1471 - 1485
- House of Lancaster, 1470 - 1471
- House of York, 1470 - 1485
- House of Tudor, 1485 - 1603
- House of Stuart, 1603 - 1649, 1660 - 1714
- James I, 1603 - 1625
- Charles I, 1625 - 1649
- Tower Mint Under Parliament, 1643 - 1648
- Nicholas Briot's Milled Coinage
- Civil War, Siege of Colchester
- Civil War, Siege of Pontefract
- The Commonwealth of England, 1649 - 1660
- Oliver Cromwell, 1656 - 1660
- Charles II, 1660 - 1662
- James II, 1685 - 1688
- William and Mary, 1688 - 1694
- William III, 1694 - 1702
- Anne, 1702 - 1714
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- Ludwig I, 1342 - 1382
- Maria, 1382 - 1387
- Sigismund, 1387 - 1437
- Albrecht of Habsburg, 1437 - 1439
- Wladislaw I of Jagello, 1440 - 1444
- Johann Hunyadi, 1446 - 1453
- Ladislaus V, 1453 - 1457
- Matthias Corvinus, 1458 - 1490
- Wladislaw II of Jagello, 1490 - 1516
- Ludwig II, 1516 - 1526
- Johann Zapolya, 1526 - 1540
- Ferdinand I, 1526 - 1564
- Maximilian II, 1564 - 1576
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